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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (+/-)-heliotridane picrate 15861-67-3 C6H3N3O7*C8H15N
    (+/-)-heliotridane picrate
    —— 4-(2-(5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hydrazono)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione 1583301-93-2 C32H27N5O6
    4-(2-(5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hydrazono)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrole 1333534-08-9 C12H13NO2
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrole
    —— 4-{[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-phenyl-methyl}-benzene-1,3-diol 64343-64-2 C22H15ClN2O2S
    4-{[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-phenyl-methyl}-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— trinitrophloroglucinol sodium salt 887511-63-9 C6H2N3O9*Na
    trinitrophloroglucinol sodium salt
    —— 1-[4-(Azidomethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]ethanone oxime 903556-87-6 C9H10N4O2
    1-[4-(Azidomethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]ethanone oxime
    —— (E)-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol 1417913-00-8 C15H20O2
    (E)-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol
    —— 2-Hex-5-enyl-3,4-dimethoxy-phenol 192124-72-4 C14H20O3
    2-Hex-5-enyl-3,4-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 134667-75-7 C27H24Br2N2O6S2
    —— N'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-(1,2-diselenolan-3-yl)pentanehydrazide 1456816-73-1 C15H20N2O3Se2
    N'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-(1,2-diselenolan-3-yl)pentanehydrazide
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoyl chloride 1073666-66-6 C11H9ClO3
    (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoyl chloride
    —— N-salicylideneglycinato(3,5-dimethylpyrazole)copper(II) monohydrate 109850-43-3 C5H8N2*C9H7NO3*Cu*H2O
    N-salicylideneglycinato(3,5-dimethylpyrazole)copper(II) monohydrate
    —— 2-(1,2-dihydro-pyrido[3,4-<i>e</i>][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-phenol 60773-23-1 C12H10N4O
    2-(1,2-dihydro-pyrido[3,4-<i>e</i>][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 2,2-bis[3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]malonic acid diethyl ester 1338070-84-0 C29H32O4
    2,2-bis[3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— dimethyl [2-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)propyl]phosphonate picrate 1392514-16-7 C6H3N3O7*C8H17N4O3P
    dimethyl [2-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)propyl]phosphonate picrate
    —— optically inactive 2,7-dimethyl-4,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-octane 114278-46-5 C22H30O2
    optically inactive 2,7-dimethyl-4,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-octane
    —— 3-Ethinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 63604-90-0 C10H10O3
    3-Ethinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 1-hydroxy-allogibberellic acid methyl ester 35316-62-2 C19H22O4
    1-hydroxy-allogibberellic acid methyl ester
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)glutarodihydrazone 1062484-70-1 C21H22N6O8
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)glutarodihydrazone
    —— 1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)benzosuberan 107365-78-6 C17H18O
    1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)benzosuberan
    —— N,N′-bis(4-methoxylsalicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine 157982-85-9 C22H20N2O4
    N,N′-bis(4-methoxylsalicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine
    —— 4-bromo-2-(((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol 1761-38-2 C13H9BrClNO2
    4-bromo-2-(((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-((2-(dimethylamino)-ethylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 634590-22-0 C12H18N2O2
    2-((2-(dimethylamino)-ethylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-iodo-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1245635-34-0 C12H16BIO3
    2-iodo-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile 117634-77-2 C15H11N5O2
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl)-3-phenyl-propane-1,2-dione bis-[(2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-hydrazon] 36984-27-7 C26H19N9O9
    1-(3-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl)-3-phenyl-propane-1,2-dione bis-[(2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-hydrazon]
    —— di(2,3,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide 85460-74-8 C18H22O2S2
    di(2,3,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide
    —— S-methyl 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate 42183-25-5 C9H9BrN2OS2
    S-methyl 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate
    —— (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdiiodid 126508-15-4 C13H12I2O3Te
    (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdiiodid
    —— 3,4-Bis(decoxy)phenol 161807-03-0 C26H46O3
    3,4-Bis(decoxy)phenol
    —— 5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-methylimidazole-4-carbonitrile 1610624-74-2 C12H10N4O2
    5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-methylimidazole-4-carbonitrile
    —— 4-({[(E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 924961-49-9 C15H19NO3
    4-({[(E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— 2-ethylaminomethyl-3,4,6-trichloro-phenol 106783-61-3 C9H10Cl3NO
    2-ethylaminomethyl-3,4,6-trichloro-phenol
    —— trans-2-(4'-acetyl-1'-methyl-cyclohex-1'-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 89644-83-7 C16H22O3
    trans-2-(4'-acetyl-1'-methyl-cyclohex-1'-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 34269-71-1 C19H17N5O4S
    —— 6-[(4-(3-ethoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-2,3-dimethoxyphenol 486450-76-4 C19H30N2O5
    6-[(4-(3-ethoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-2,3-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 1-cyanoimidazolium picrate 98993-75-0 C4H3N3*C6H3N3O7
    1-cyanoimidazolium picrate
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrachlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-methylimino-buttersaeureaethylester 5352-18-1 C13H13Cl4N3O3
    2-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrachlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-methylimino-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzenepropanol 1000516-59-5 C10H13FO3
    3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzenepropanol
    —— 5-Chlor-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-phenylhydrazon 7740-08-1 C14H13ClN2O2
    5-Chlor-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-phenylhydrazon
    —— 2-[C-methyl-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbonimidoyl]phenol 183486-14-8 C16H13N3O2
    2-[C-methyl-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— 2-Nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-N-(n-octyl)-benzoesaeureamid 63435-37-0 C16H24N2O4
    2-Nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-N-(n-octyl)-benzoesaeureamid
    —— 1313182-86-3 C11H17BrOSi
    —— 1,5-bis(1-benzimidazolyl)-3-oxapentane 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate 1604045-79-5 C6H3N3O7*C18H18N4O
    1,5-bis(1-benzimidazolyl)-3-oxapentane 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— 2-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-(6-methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-4-nitro-benzamide 39614-95-4 C12H10N4O5
    2-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-(6-methoxy-pyridazin-3-yl)-4-nitro-benzamide
    —— 1356120-94-9 C14H15NO5
    —— 4-[[3-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenyl]iminomethyl]phenol 1262652-46-9 C21H18N2O2
    4-[[3-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 5-Chlor-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-benzamid 3187-08-4 C9H10ClNO4
    5-Chlor-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-benzamid
    —— 4-(m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzalamino)-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazole 80650-27-7 C20H18N2O3
    4-(m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzalamino)-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazole
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-dimethyl-hydrazine; picrate 5968-80-9 C2H8N2*C6H3N3O7
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-dimethyl-hydrazine; picrate