摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol 1261951-61-4 C12H12OS
    4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-<3-Methyl-pentyl>-m-kresol 6800-90-4 C13H20O
    4-<3-Methyl-pentyl>-m-kresol
    —— 2-methyl-6-[(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)amino]phenol 1002111-85-4 C13H12N2O
    2-methyl-6-[(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)amino]phenol
    —— (o,α-dihydroxybenzyl)phosphonous acid 105242-72-6 C7H9O4P
    (o,α-dihydroxybenzyl)phosphonous acid
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-[(6-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-1H-pyrimidin-5-yl)diazenyl]-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 144344-21-8 C10H7N5O9S
    2-hydroxy-3-[(6-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-1H-pyrimidin-5-yl)diazenyl]-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(triisopropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230388-99-4 C19H34OSSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(triisopropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 1-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]benzene-2-id-1-yl]-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;1-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-ethynylbenzene-2-id-1-yl]-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;iodopalladium(1+);platinum(2+) 331680-15-0 C26H37IN4PdPt
    1-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]benzene-2-id-1-yl]-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;1-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-ethynylbenzene-2-id-1-yl]-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;iodopalladium(1+);platinum(2+)
    —— 3-nitrosalicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone 108608-74-8 C14H11N3O4
    3-nitrosalicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone
    —— (4-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-nitroessigsaeure-aethylester 21099-29-6 C10H10N4O7
    (4-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-nitroessigsaeure-aethylester
    —— 3-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazin-5-one 120950-53-0 C11H11N5O2
    3-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-6-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
    —— Cbs 1276 95668-39-6 C11H15ClN4O
    Cbs 1276
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-aethyl-thiosemicarbazon 18965-08-7 C15H23N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-aethyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-(4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutyl)-5-methylphenyl sulfate 103993-22-2 C15H21O9S*K
    potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-(4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutyl)-5-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— 3-Methyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid 117103-11-4 C6H3N3O7*C14H17NO2
    3-Methyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(triethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-69-1 C16H28OSSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(triethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 2-(4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 1044264-51-8 C25H30O3Si
    2-(4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-thiobenzoic acid amide 858250-48-3 C7H7NO2S
    2,5-dihydroxy-thiobenzoic acid amide
    —— (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol 1417912-86-7 C17H21F3O2
    (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol
    —— N-Octadecyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide 247098-22-2 C25H42N2O4
    N-Octadecyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide
    —— 1323993-99-2 C14H20O3S
    —— 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-selanediyl-di-phenol 859821-79-7 C14H14O2Se
    4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-selanediyl-di-phenol
    —— acetic acid-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-anilide) 6657-45-0 C10H13NO4
    acetic acid-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-anilide)
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-butylheptyl)-phenol 17726-35-1 C17H26N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-butylheptyl)-phenol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-aethylnonyl)-phenol 17473-35-7 C17H26N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-aethylnonyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Tridecafluorononoxy)phenol 1071968-22-3 C15H11F13O2
    4-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Tridecafluorononoxy)phenol
    —— (2-13C)4-nitrophenol 125218-71-5 C6H5NO3
    (2-13C)4-nitrophenol
    —— 9-(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione 1357481-67-4 C23H25BrO4
    9-(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione
    —— 5-ethyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-2-piperidone 115262-52-7 C16H23NO3
    5-ethyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-2-piperidone
    —— 1,1-dimethylethyl [(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl](2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate 1167416-81-0 C14H20BrNO4
    1,1-dimethylethyl [(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl](2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate
    —— Hydrazinecarbothioamide, 2-[(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)methylene]-N-phenyl- 51984-40-8 C13H12N4OS
    Hydrazinecarbothioamide, 2-[(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)methylene]-N-phenyl-
    —— (R)-1-O-methanesulfonyl-3-O-p-(2-methoxyethyl)phenylglyserol 114218-34-7 C13H20O6S
    (R)-1-O-methanesulfonyl-3-O-p-(2-methoxyethyl)phenylglyserol
    —— 2-[2-amino-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl]-4-methylphenol 75793-93-0 C18H18N2O2S
    2-[2-amino-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-[11-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]undecyliminomethyl]phenol 1292288-43-7 C25H34N2O2
    2-[11-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]undecyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— bis(2.3-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-ethylene diamine-cobalt(II) 420783-40-0 C16H14CoN2O4
    bis(2.3-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-ethylene diamine-cobalt(II)
    —— Bromofenoxim-terbuthylazine mixt. 39380-46-6 C22H23Br2ClN8O6
    Bromofenoxim-terbuthylazine mixt.
    —— 3-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1228277-16-4 C17H19ClN2O5
    3-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)benzaldehyde 1261953-40-5 C12H10O2S
    2-Hydroxy-4-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)benzaldehyde
    —— N'-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-[(pyridin-4-yl)carbonyl]benzohydrazide 1316315-13-5 C21H17N3O4
    N'-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-[(pyridin-4-yl)carbonyl]benzohydrazide
    —— methyl 2-hydroxystyrylcarbamate 76570-13-3 C10H11NO3
    methyl 2-hydroxystyrylcarbamate
    —— 6-[1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6H-pyran-2,3-dione 51282-14-5 C18H12O7
    6-[1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6H-pyran-2,3-dione
    —— 15480-59-8 C17H16N4O2S2
    —— 2-(azepan-1-ylimino)methyl-6-methoxyphenol 359763-61-4 C14H20N2O2
    2-(azepan-1-ylimino)methyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (ethane-1,2-diylbis{imino[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanediyl]})bis phosphinic acid 23480-37-7 C16H22N2O6P2
    (ethane-1,2-diylbis{imino[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanediyl]})bis phosphinic acid
    —— 7-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-butyl-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-3H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one 862196-83-6 C23H22Br2N2O5S
    7-Bromo-2-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-butyl-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-3H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 3-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol 1261998-80-4 C12H12OS
    3-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepine 90380-33-9 C12H14N2O
    5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepine
    —— O-2-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl) (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl) methyl-phenyl-phosphinate 116432-38-3 C18H22NO6P
    O-2-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl) (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl) methyl-phenyl-phosphinate
    —— 4-(1-Ethynylcyclopropyl)phenol 2228358-76-5 C11H10O
    4-(1-Ethynylcyclopropyl)phenol
    —— 4-Methyl-2-hydroxyphenylazoformamid 35605-65-3 C8H9N3O2
    4-Methyl-2-hydroxyphenylazoformamid
    —— 4-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-Heptadecafluoroundecoxy)phenol 942056-56-6 C17H11F17O2
    4-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-Heptadecafluoroundecoxy)phenol