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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 123385-75-1 C30H28N4NiO6
    —— 2-acetoxymercury(II)-4-isoamyl phenol 855836-23-6 C13H18HgO3
    2-acetoxymercury(II)-4-isoamyl phenol
    —— piperidine-1-sulfonic acid salicylidenehydrazide 100318-75-0 C12H17N3O3S
    piperidine-1-sulfonic acid salicylidenehydrazide
    —— methyl-2-([2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromo-phenyl)methylidynenitrilo]ethyl)amino-1-cyclopentenedithiocarboxylate 1234511-13-7 C16H19BrN2OS2
    methyl-2-([2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromo-phenyl)methylidynenitrilo]ethyl)amino-1-cyclopentenedithiocarboxylate
    —— 2-[[(1S,2S)-2-aminocyclohexyl]iminomethyl]phenol 259087-52-0 C13H18N2O
    2-[[(1S,2S)-2-aminocyclohexyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5-selenodiazol-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide 134952-36-6 C9H8N4O2Se
    4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5-selenodiazol-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide
    —— o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-dibutylamid 21401-62-7 C17H23NO2
    o-Hydroxy-phenyl-propiolsaeure-dibutylamid
    —— 2-Isoamyl-4-acetyl-phenol-oxim 92196-67-3 C13H19NO2
    2-Isoamyl-4-acetyl-phenol-oxim
    —— 4,7-dimethoxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-aminobenzylidene)phthalide 887645-07-0 C17H15NO5
    4,7-dimethoxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-aminobenzylidene)phthalide
    —— ethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl phenylphosphonate 1420992-03-5 C14H15O4P
    ethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl phenylphosphonate
    —— ME0184 1226513-87-6 C17H15F3N2O4
    ME0184
    —— 1-Benzyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-thiourea 78720-31-7 C14H13N3O3S
    1-Benzyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-thiourea
    —— 1,5-Bis-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)pentane 13565-62-3 C19H24O2
    1,5-Bis-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)pentane
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzonitrile 1093203-96-3 C7H4N2O3
    4-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— 3'-methylbutyl 3,5-dinitrosalicylate 71527-60-1 C12H14N2O7
    3'-methylbutyl 3,5-dinitrosalicylate
    —— 4-(3-Methylbut-3-en-1-yl)guajakol 101511-26-6 C12H16O2
    4-(3-Methylbut-3-en-1-yl)guajakol
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol 20115-00-8 C9H10Br2N2O2
    2,4-Dibromo-6-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-hydrazonomethyl]-phenol
    —— 6-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-7Hthiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-one 1529781-54-1 C19H14ClN3O2S
    6-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-7Hthiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-one
    —— 148228-52-8 C26H34N4O4
    —— 2-bromo-6-chloro-4-pentafluorsulfanylphenol 852469-82-0 C6H3BrClF5OS
    2-bromo-6-chloro-4-pentafluorsulfanylphenol
    —— 2-Bromo-3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol 1785528-41-7 C7H6BrFO2
    2-Bromo-3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(2,4-diamino-6-ethylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 39667-21-5 C15H20N4O3S
    4-(2,4-diamino-6-ethylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 5-cyclobutylamino-2-methyl-phenol 437702-29-9 C11H15NO
    5-cyclobutylamino-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 1533410-83-1 C32H54N4O7
    —— 5-hexyl-2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazineylidene)thiazolidin-4-one 97790-85-7 C16H21N3O2S
    5-hexyl-2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazineylidene)thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-((2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 109025-67-4 C13H10N2O3S
    2-((2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 6-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoylamino)-hexanoic acid 34759-10-9 C15H21NO6
    6-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoylamino)-hexanoic acid
    —— (1S,11S,13S,15R)-11-Allyl-15-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-hydroxy-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one 313644-79-0 C24H36O5Si
    (1S,11S,13S,15R)-11-Allyl-15-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-hydroxy-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldoxime 705-49-7 C9H11NO2
    3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldoxime
    —— 2,2,3,3-Tetrachlor-3-<o-hydroxy-phenyl>-propionaldehyd 22109-85-9 C9H6Cl4O2
    2,2,3,3-Tetrachlor-3-<o-hydroxy-phenyl>-propionaldehyd
    —— 3,5-dibromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-nitro-phenol 860575-72-0 C8H7Br2NO3
    3,5-dibromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzylidene-2-m-methoxy-p-hydroxystyryl-1-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-one 135520-94-4 C26H22N2O5
    4-m-methoxy-p-hydroxybenzylidene-2-m-methoxy-p-hydroxystyryl-1-phenyl-2-imidazolin-5-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-thiazoline 1062213-84-6 C12H15NO2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-thiazoline
    —— Methyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzenecarboximidate 1268613-20-2 C8H9NO3
    Methyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzenecarboximidate
    —— 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl 2,4-dimethylphenyl ether 131544-12-2 C23H32O2
    3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl 2,4-dimethylphenyl ether
    —— 1131688-16-8 C13H21BrOSi
    —— 1-Dodecyl-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 6942-57-0 C20H32N4O3S
    1-Dodecyl-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (2-Formyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-essigsaeure 6451-68-9 C10H10O5
    (2-Formyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-essigsaeure
    —— 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1086626-39-2 C16H13N3O2
    6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— N-Allyl-vanillamid 91133-76-5 C11H13NO3
    N-Allyl-vanillamid
    —— 2,3,5-triiodo-phenol 28165-67-5 C6H3I3O
    2,3,5-triiodo-phenol
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehy-4-m-tolyl-thiosemicarazon 18965-15-6 C20H25N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehy-4-m-tolyl-thiosemicarazon
    —— 4-Nitro-benzoic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 131536-64-6 C15H13N3O5
    4-Nitro-benzoic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— N,N-dimethyl-N'-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl)ethylenediamine 402506-60-9 C17H22N4O3
    N,N-dimethyl-N'-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl)ethylenediamine
    —— N-[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-[1-[(2E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]sulfanylpropanamide 7702-13-8 C22H26N4O4S
    N-[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-[1-[(2E)-2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]sulfanylpropanamide
    —— ethyl 2-{(2-hydroxy-phenylimino)-methyl}-acetoacetate 98502-29-5 C13H15NO4
    ethyl 2-{(2-hydroxy-phenylimino)-methyl}-acetoacetate
    —— N-<α-(2-Methyl-phenylmercapto)-acetyl>-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin 14738-30-8 C17H18N2O3S
    N-<α-(2-Methyl-phenylmercapto)-acetyl>-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin
    —— 1-(n-Butyl)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ2-imidazolin 86808-71-1 C13H18N2O
    1-(n-Butyl)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ2-imidazolin
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-valeronitrile 40232-85-7 C11H13NO2
    5-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-valeronitrile
    —— 2-(5-Acetamino-2-methyl-benzolsulfonylmethyl)-4-nitro-phenol 5896-80-0 C16H16N2O6S
    2-(5-Acetamino-2-methyl-benzolsulfonylmethyl)-4-nitro-phenol