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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (-)-pseudoheliotridane picrate 109338-44-5 C6H3N3O7*C8H15N
    (-)-pseudoheliotridane picrate
    —— (1R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-<(ethylcarbamoyl)amino>ethanol 110193-48-1 C12H18N2O3
    (1R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-<(ethylcarbamoyl)amino>ethanol
    —— 4-methyl-2,6-bis-pyridiniomethyl-phenol, dichloride 96385-96-5 C19H20N2O*2Cl
    4-methyl-2,6-bis-pyridiniomethyl-phenol, dichloride
    —— dibutyl [(4-hydroxyphenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate 1333496-57-3 C23H31N2O5PS
    dibutyl [(4-hydroxyphenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate
    —— 10550-66-0 C20H26O6
    —— 30560-50-0 C6H3N3O7*C14H22N2S
    —— 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid chloride 119735-35-2 C9H9ClO3
    3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid chloride
    —— 4-(1-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-4-vinylphenoxy)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1337992-51-4 C18H20O5
    4-(1-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-4-vinylphenoxy)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (Z)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-ol 913300-19-3 C12H16O3
    (Z)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-ol
    —— 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenol 87081-64-9 C19H25NO5
    4-[2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(5-phenyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-naphthalen-1-ol 22812-28-8 C19H12BrNO2
    4-bromo-2-(5-phenyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-naphthalen-1-ol
    —— 2-(5-Cyclohexylamino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-phenol 35213-14-0 C14H17N3OS
    2-(5-Cyclohexylamino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-[(2-methylenecyclopentyl)methyl]phenol 1353093-30-7 C13H16O
    2-[(2-methylenecyclopentyl)methyl]phenol
    —— 7-tert-Butyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-2λ<sup>4</sup>-benzo[e][1,2]oxathiin-6-ol 31594-59-9 C14H20O3S
    7-tert-Butyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-2λ<sup>4</sup>-benzo[e][1,2]oxathiin-6-ol
    —— 4-fluorophenol-2,6-d<sub>2</sub> 25419-16-3 C6H5FO
    4-fluorophenol-2,6-d<sub>2</sub>
    —— vinyl dihydroferulate 1456513-18-0 C12H14O4
    vinyl dihydroferulate
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline 107536-44-7 C13H18N2O
    3-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline
    —— N-propyl-N-benzyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-63-9 C19H23NO3
    N-propyl-N-benzyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3,3,3-trichloro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,2l4,4,3l5-triazastibolidin-5-one 100327-63-7 C17H18Cl3N4O5Sb
    3,3,3-trichloro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,2l4,4,3l5-triazastibolidin-5-one
    —— 4-methylcyclohexyl hydroquinone 121259-85-6 C13H18O2
    4-methylcyclohexyl hydroquinone
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone succinyldihydrazone 900812-76-2 C20H20Br2N4O4
    5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone succinyldihydrazone
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone malonyldihydrazone 900812-75-1 C19H18Br2N4O4
    5-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone malonyldihydrazone
    —— N-propyl-N-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-90-2 C21H27NO6
    N-propyl-N-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— β-Amino-β-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)propionsaeuremethylester 32906-14-2 C10H12N2O5
    β-Amino-β-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)propionsaeuremethylester
    —— kukoamine B sulfate 1375179-93-3 C28H42N4O6*H2O4S
    kukoamine B sulfate
    —— {PtCl2(3-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline)} 117063-63-5 C14H20Cl2N2O4Pt
    {PtCl2(3-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline)}
    —— (E)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoyl chloride 76969-22-7 C11H11ClO3
    (E)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoyl chloride
    —— N-propyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-71-9 C19H23NO4
    N-propyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-{[(E)-5-pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 117616-43-0 C15H12N4O3
    2-Methoxy-6-{[(E)-5-pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 95141-97-2 C11H14N2O4
    —— 3-bromo-5,3',5'-trinitro-biphenyl-2,2'-diol 854234-42-7 C12H6BrN3O8
    3-bromo-5,3',5'-trinitro-biphenyl-2,2'-diol
    —— Acetic acid 2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl ester 945531-28-2 C18H20O4
    Acetic acid 2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl ester
    —— (3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate 1339946-94-9 C17H20N2O5
    (3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate
    —— (2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione 1416081-55-4 C11H12N2O3S
    (2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione
    —— 2,6,2',6',2'',6''-Hexamethylaurin 29237-06-7 C25H26O3
    2,6,2',6',2'',6''-Hexamethylaurin
    —— 2-(1-(2-aminoethylimino)ethyl)phenol 433940-66-0 C10H14N2O
    2-(1-(2-aminoethylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— benzo-21-crown-7.uronium picrate 109784-11-4 CH4N2O*C6H3N3O7*C18H28O7
    benzo-21-crown-7.uronium picrate
    —— 2-[hydroxy-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]phenol 99216-99-6 C12H12N2O2
    2-[hydroxy-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]phenol
    —— (E)-4-(((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl)phenol 90964-46-8 C15H11N3O2
    (E)-4-(((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl)phenol
    —— 1,3-Bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 51236-79-4 C17H18N4O4S
    1,3-Bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 2-(3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol 30403-77-1 C17H19NO2
    2-(3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 5,5'-(1E,1'E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene)bis(2-methoxyphenol) 1257519-30-4 C18H20N2O4
    5,5'-(1E,1'E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene)bis(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— 4-Chloro-2,5,8-trimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-ol 38303-08-1 C13H17ClO
    4-Chloro-2,5,8-trimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-ol
    —— 1-<2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamino>-3-(3-methyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)-2-propanol 66781-51-9 C18H24N2O4
    1-<2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamino>-3-(3-methyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)-2-propanol
    —— N-decyl-N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-87-7 C27H39NO5
    N-decyl-N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-imidazol-1-yl-propan-1-one 185900-11-2 C12H12N2O3
    3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-imidazol-1-yl-propan-1-one
    —— 2,6-bis(N-benzylformimidoyl)-4-methylphenol 73940-72-4 C23H22N2O
    2,6-bis(N-benzylformimidoyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 3-chlorophen-6-d-ol 74383-28-1 C6H5ClO
    3-chlorophen-6-d-ol
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)isoxazolidin-5-on 32883-55-9 C9H9NO3
    3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)isoxazolidin-5-on
    —— kukoamine B lactate 1375179-82-0 C3H6O3*C28H42N4O6
    kukoamine B lactate