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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-Rhodan-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 7740-12-7 C9H7NO3S
    5-Rhodan-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 3',4'-Dihydroxytrimethoprim 71525-06-9 C12H14N4O3
    3',4'-Dihydroxytrimethoprim
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol 1246999-88-1 C15H22N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 1459803-93-0 C14H19N3O3S
    —— tert-butyl (4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate 1402664-46-3 C12H16BrNO3
    tert-butyl (4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— bis(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide 101788-30-1 C18H22O6S
    bis(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylindan 73211-88-8 C13H18O2
    5-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylindan
    —— 2-Allyl-3,6-dichlor-hydrochinon 6361-55-3 C9H8Cl2O2
    2-Allyl-3,6-dichlor-hydrochinon
    —— 4-Methyl-2-tropyl-phenol 5726-16-9 C14H14O
    4-Methyl-2-tropyl-phenol
    —— 5-(2-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1372864-96-4 C16H18BrNO4S
    5-(2-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(5-bromo-2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1372864-94-2 C16H18BrNO4S
    5-(5-bromo-2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— N,N'-bis(5-fluorosalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1334545-41-3 C26H34F2N2O2
    N,N'-bis(5-fluorosalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— decanoic acid [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]amide 1290139-33-1 C28H35ClN2O5S
    decanoic acid [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]amide
    —— 4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-butylheptyl)-phenol 17508-89-3 C17H26N2O5
    4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-butylheptyl)-phenol
    —— homovanilic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester 72072-13-0 C13H13NO6
    homovanilic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
    —— 2:1 complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol with dibenzo-18-crown-6 102101-75-7 C6H3N3O7*C20H24O6
    2:1 complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol with dibenzo-18-crown-6
    —— (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-methyl-2-((E)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1202876-87-6 C17H14N2O2S
    (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-methyl-2-((E)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one
    —— tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone-tetramethyl-1,4-hydroquinone 96914-21-5 C10H12O2*C10H14O2
    tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone-tetramethyl-1,4-hydroquinone
    —— bis(2-(n-hexyloxy)-5-(2-methoxyethyl)benzenesulfonyl)diazomethane 746652-40-4 C31H46N2O8S2
    bis(2-(n-hexyloxy)-5-(2-methoxyethyl)benzenesulfonyl)diazomethane
    —— 1,3-Bis[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 114459-15-3 C15H14N4O4S
    1,3-Bis[(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 1334327-02-4 C15H13N3O2
    —— 1.8-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)octane 10365-20-5 C20H26O4
    1.8-Bis(2.5-dihydroxyphenyl)octane
    —— 5-Chlor-salicylaldehyd-octadecylthiosemicarbazon 6973-23-5 C26H44ClN3OS
    5-Chlor-salicylaldehyd-octadecylthiosemicarbazon
    —— 2-<(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)methylene>hydrazinecarboximidamide 111159-85-4 C10H14N4O
    2-<(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)methylene>hydrazinecarboximidamide
    —— (+/-)-trimethyl-(2<i>t</i>,3<i>c</i>,4<i>t</i>,6<i>t</i>-tetraacetoxy-5<i>c</i>-dimethylamino-cyclohex-<i>r</i>-yl)-ammonium; dipicrate 124132-68-9 C6H2N3O7*C6H3N3O7*C19H33N2O8
    (+/-)-trimethyl-(2<i>t</i>,3<i>c</i>,4<i>t</i>,6<i>t</i>-tetraacetoxy-5<i>c</i>-dimethylamino-cyclohex-<i>r</i>-yl)-ammonium; dipicrate
    —— 2,6-dichloro-[1,4]benzoquinone; compound of 2.6-dichloro-quinone with 2.6-dichloro-hydroquinone 60300-96-1 C6H2Cl2O2*C6H4Cl2O2
    2,6-dichloro-[1,4]benzoquinone; compound of 2.6-dichloro-quinone with 2.6-dichloro-hydroquinone
    —— 2-(dodecyl-16-crown-5)phenol 106420-03-5 C30H52O6
    2-(dodecyl-16-crown-5)phenol
    —— 2-(4'-Amino-2'-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenylamino)-[2,5']bithiazolyl-4-yl]-benzene-1,4-diol 312761-63-0 C21H20N4O5S2
    2-(4'-Amino-2'-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenylamino)-[2,5']bithiazolyl-4-yl]-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-1,2,5-selenodiazole-3-carboxylic acid 134952-40-2 C9H4N4O7Se
    4-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-1,2,5-selenodiazole-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 1-<1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexyl>-buten-(3)-in-(1) 101431-01-0 C16H18O
    1-<1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexyl>-buten-(3)-in-(1)
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-(<i>o</i>-tolylimino-methyl)-phenol 21386-38-9 C14H11Br2NO
    2,4-dibromo-6-(<i>o</i>-tolylimino-methyl)-phenol
    —— 4-[2-(4-hexylphenyl)ethynyl]phenol 377079-56-6 C20H22O
    4-[2-(4-hexylphenyl)ethynyl]phenol
    —— 5,6-dibromo-2,4-dimethylphenol 83755-90-2 C8H8Br2O
    5,6-dibromo-2,4-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)methylphenol 123035-04-1 C13H18O4
    4-Methoxy-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)methylphenol
    —— (S)-2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl(phenyl)methyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1415560-44-9 C22H18O2S
    (S)-2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl(phenyl)methyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(2-Furanyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 1093118-64-9 C12H10O4
    5-(2-Furanyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-aethylpentyl)-phenol 6692-96-2 C13H18N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-aethylpentyl)-phenol
    —— isoparvifoline 124096-82-8 C15H20O
    isoparvifoline
    —— 4-(2,4-diamino-6-hexylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 39667-27-1 C19H28N4O3S
    4-(2,4-diamino-6-hexylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 5-(5-Acetyl-2-thienyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 1093118-35-4 C14H12O4S
    5-(5-Acetyl-2-thienyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3-cyclohexyl-4-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 488096-96-4 C15H18N4O2S
    3-cyclohexyl-4-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 1,1-bis<(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl>ethene 16601-94-8 C18H20O2
    1,1-bis<(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl>ethene
    —— 6-(2-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 1010800-79-9 C11H11FN2O2
    6-(2-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 5-ethyl-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione 21610-34-4 C13H14N2O5
    5-ethyl-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione
    —— 2-(5'-hydroxy-2'-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dithiane 496043-61-9 C10H11NO3S2
    2-(5'-hydroxy-2'-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dithiane
    —— 3-amino-1,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxybenzene hydrochloride 85950-48-7 C8H11NO4*ClH
    3-amino-1,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxybenzene hydrochloride
    —— 2-hydroxy-6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17-dodecahydro-5H-benzocyclopentadecene 858508-25-5 C19H30O
    2-hydroxy-6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17-dodecahydro-5H-benzocyclopentadecene
    —— 5-{[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]amino}pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 273745-88-3 C11H8N4O5
    5-{[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]amino}pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 2-(benzo[d]isothiazol-3-ylimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)thiazolidin-4-one 1357174-94-7 C19H15N3O4S2
    2-(benzo[d]isothiazol-3-ylimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (β-14C)o-Cumarsaeure 16268-51-2 C9H8O3
    (β-14C)o-Cumarsaeure