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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1<sup>5</sup>,3<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,7<sup>5</sup>-tetrabromo-2,4,6,8-tetraundecyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-octaol 143018-03-5 C72H108Br4O8
    1<sup>5</sup>,3<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,7<sup>5</sup>-tetrabromo-2,4,6,8-tetraundecyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-octaol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentane-1,4-diol 100520-85-2 C12H18O3
    1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentane-1,4-diol
    —— 1314412-59-3 C11H11ClN4O
    —— 2,3,4,6-Tetraallyl-phenol 41389-70-2 C18H22O
    2,3,4,6-Tetraallyl-phenol
    —— (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde 1252024-59-1 C10H10O3
    (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde
    —— 2-bromo-6-[(3-cyclohexylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol 1451054-32-2 C16H23BrN2O
    2-bromo-6-[(3-cyclohexylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 1228930-87-7 C17H20O4S
    —— 4,4'-dihydroxy<10,10>methacyclophane 110457-80-2 C32H48O2
    4,4'-dihydroxy<10,10>methacyclophane
    —— α-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-nitrocyclohexyl) nitrone 185347-77-7 C13H16N2O4
    α-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-nitrocyclohexyl) nitrone
    —— 2-<β-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl>-4,4-dimethyl-Δ1-pyrrolin 78744-77-1 C14H19NO
    2-<β-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl>-4,4-dimethyl-Δ1-pyrrolin
    —— 1-(5-Brom-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-ethan 124840-71-7 C17H18BrNO4
    1-(5-Brom-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-ethan
    —— (+/-)-2,10-dihydroxyhomoaporphine 20872-68-8 C20H25NO4
    (+/-)-2,10-dihydroxyhomoaporphine
    —— 4,5-Dimethyl-2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenylazo)imidazol 31993-07-4 C11H11N5O3
    4,5-Dimethyl-2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenylazo)imidazol
    —— 2-chloro-4-fluoro-6-iodophenol 951671-77-5 C6H3ClFIO
    2-chloro-4-fluoro-6-iodophenol
    —— 1345707-21-2 C32H44N2O3
    —— d1-3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol 1089674-25-8 C9H13NO2
    d1-3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 2-((E)-6-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,7-dienyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 191401-66-8 C17H24O3
    2-((E)-6-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,7-dienyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(1-phenyl-1-methylcyclobutane-3-yl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromo)benzylideneaminothiazole 283604-99-9 C21H19BrN2OS
    4-(1-phenyl-1-methylcyclobutane-3-yl)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromo)benzylideneaminothiazole
    —— 3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-pyran 89059-50-7 C21H20O4
    3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-pyran
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-N,N-di-n-propylphenethylamine 96886-47-4 C14H22N2O3
    4-hydroxy-3-nitro-N,N-di-n-propylphenethylamine
    —— 4-(4-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl)-5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 1207600-05-2 C24H34F3N5O3
    4-(4-(diethylamino)cyclohexyl)-5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
    —— 4-{[1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-benzonitrile 30633-66-0 C15H12N2O2
    4-{[1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-benzonitrile
    —— 1334727-60-4 C17H14N4O3
    —— 4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxy-5-[N-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxoprop-1-yl)ethylamino-methyl]-2,8,14,20-tetrapropylpentacyclo[19.3.1.1(3,7).1(9,13).1(15,19)]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene 1239171-46-0 C48H63NO9
    4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxy-5-[N-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxoprop-1-yl)ethylamino-methyl]-2,8,14,20-tetrapropylpentacyclo[19.3.1.1(3,7).1(9,13).1(15,19)]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene
    —— [PdI(C6H2(CH2SPh)-2,6-(OH)-4)] 1070260-67-1 C20H17IOPdS2
    [PdI(C6H2(CH2SPh)-2,6-(OH)-4)]
    —— 3-(3-hydroxybutyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 1192035-29-2 C14H18N4O3S
    3-(3-hydroxybutyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-propiophenon 91211-02-8 C9H8N2O6
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-propiophenon
    —— 5-Isopentylamino-2-methyl-phenol 105339-80-8 C12H19NO
    5-Isopentylamino-2-methyl-phenol
    —— cis-2-methylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-29-2 C22H32N2O5
    cis-2-methylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-(7-Chloro-4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-octafluoro-2-iodo-heptyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 272125-02-7 C14H12ClF8IO2
    2-(7-Chloro-4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-octafluoro-2-iodo-heptyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-Butylthio-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol 4595-25-9 C10H14O2S
    2-Butylthio-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol
    —— 2-Bromo-4-isopropenyl-6-methoxy-phenol 57432-80-1 C10H11BrO2
    2-Bromo-4-isopropenyl-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-[(5'-chloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine 35546-58-8 C9H7ClN4O
    N-[(5'-chloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)methylideneamino]phenol 5794-75-2 C13H9ClINO2
    4-Chloro-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)methylideneamino]phenol
    —— 4-O-methyl-ascochlorin dibutylacetal 748798-52-9 C32H49ClO5
    4-O-methyl-ascochlorin dibutylacetal
    —— [2-[4-chloro-2-[[6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenoxy]ethyl](3-hydroxypropyl)-carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester 892413-96-6 C30H32ClN5O6
    [2-[4-chloro-2-[[6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenoxy]ethyl](3-hydroxypropyl)-carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester
    —— 5-(1,2-dimethyl-propylamino)-2-methyl-phenol 437702-33-5 C12H19NO
    5-(1,2-dimethyl-propylamino)-2-methyl-phenol
    —— (2S)-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]butanedioic acid 1204743-67-8 C14H16O8
    (2S)-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]butanedioic acid
    —— 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ylium 577741-90-3 C9H5F6O
    1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ylium
    —— 93716-80-4 C14H10BrN3O5
    —— zinc 5,15-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin 186356-17-2 C44H28N4O2Zn
    zinc 5,15-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin
    —— 1298000-21-1 C12H10N2O
    —— 3-nitro-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylsalicylic acid chloroanhydride 328553-78-2 C7H4Cl2N2O6S
    3-nitro-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylsalicylic acid chloroanhydride
    —— (R)-2-{4-[(S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol 1427301-52-7 C12H15N3O3
    (R)-2-{4-[(S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-(hydroperoxy-phenylazo-methyl)-phenol 97783-05-6 C13H11ClN2O3
    4-Chloro-2-(hydroperoxy-phenylazo-methyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(1-iminobutyl)phenol 1247949-42-3 C10H13NO
    2-(1-iminobutyl)phenol
    —— 2,5-dimethoxy-3,6-bis[12-(oxan-2-yloxy)dodecyl]benzene-1,4-diamine 343862-95-3 C42H76N2O6
    2,5-dimethoxy-3,6-bis[12-(oxan-2-yloxy)dodecyl]benzene-1,4-diamine
    —— 5-bromo-2-(5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1-hydroxypent-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 1599371-50-2 C17H25BrO3Si
    5-bromo-2-(5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1-hydroxypent-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 1085234-31-6 C12H11ClN2O2
    4-chloro-2-(((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-[4(4hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)]-5-methylthiothiophene-2-carboxamidine hydrochloride 237382-33-1 C16H15N3O2S3*ClH
    4-[4(4hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)]-5-methylthiothiophene-2-carboxamidine hydrochloride