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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— potassium (7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-nitro-1-oxidobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4(7H)-ylidene)azinate 105563-84-6 C14H11N4O7*K
    potassium (7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-nitro-1-oxidobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4(7H)-ylidene)azinate
    —— 2,4-di(2-cyclohexenyl)phenol 98382-16-2 C18H22O
    2,4-di(2-cyclohexenyl)phenol
    —— (2S,4S,4aR,8R,8aR)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromene-4,8-diol 1292847-83-6 C18H24O5
    (2S,4S,4aR,8R,8aR)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromene-4,8-diol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-methyl-6-propoxyphenol 1574215-76-1 C11H16O3
    2-methoxy-4-methyl-6-propoxyphenol
    —— 5-nitro-4-hydroxyphthalic acid 856806-22-9 C8H5NO7
    5-nitro-4-hydroxyphthalic acid
    —— 1-(1-Aethylmercapto-propyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzol 109041-66-9 C12H18O2S
    1-(1-Aethylmercapto-propyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-54-1 C13H12N2O2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181081-55-9 C15H15FN2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-((Ξ)-vanillylidene)-3<i>H</i>-furan-2-one 36805-02-4 C13H12O4
    5-methyl-3-((Ξ)-vanillylidene)-3<i>H</i>-furan-2-one
    —— (4S)-3-((1R,2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-enecarbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one 1595280-39-9 C23H23NO5
    (4S)-3-((1R,2S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-3-enecarbonyl)-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one
    —— o-nitrophenol anion 16554-53-3 C6H5NO3
    o-nitrophenol anion
    —— 1,1'-di(salicylaldiminoethylaminocarbonylethyl)-2,2'-biimidazole 1100751-53-8 C30H34N8O4
    1,1'-di(salicylaldiminoethylaminocarbonylethyl)-2,2'-biimidazole
    —— 4-hydroxy-2-(9-hydroxy-5-oxanonyloxy)benzoic acid lactone 77376-53-5 C15H20O5
    4-hydroxy-2-(9-hydroxy-5-oxanonyloxy)benzoic acid lactone
    —— tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(R)-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 130832-50-7 C17H25NO5
    tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(R)-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-propen 38102-60-2 C11H14O2
    2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-propen
    —— 4,4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dinitrobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarbaldehyde 27344-30-5 C14H8N2O8
    4,4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dinitrobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarbaldehyde
    —— 4-bromo-5-fluoro-2-(N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl)phenol 1263431-44-2 C8H7BrFNO2
    4-bromo-5-fluoro-2-(N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl)phenol
    —— N-[4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]guanidine 694431-26-0 C11H12N4O2S
    N-[4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]guanidine
    —— 4-Chloro-2-{[(Z)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol 26672-11-7 C13H6ClF4NO
    4-Chloro-2-{[(Z)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 2-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyphenol 16276-35-0 C8H9BrO3
    2-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyphenol
    —— bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)succinohydrazide 346721-28-6 C20H22N4O6
    bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)succinohydrazide
    —— 2-{1-[(Z)-3-Methoxy-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol 112932-60-2 C16H16N2O4
    2-{1-[(Z)-3-Methoxy-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 1-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzene 118967-77-4 C17H20O7
    1-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzene
    —— 4-[(2-Fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenol 1094247-88-7 C13H11FO2
    4-[(2-Fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenol
    —— 1,4-dimethyl-7-tert-butyl-8-hydroxy-10-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5,10-dihydrobenzo<g>phthalazine trifluoroacetate 111534-91-9 C2HF3O2*C32H42N2O2
    1,4-dimethyl-7-tert-butyl-8-hydroxy-10-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5,10-dihydrobenzo<g>phthalazine trifluoroacetate
    —— 2,6-Bis-{[(E)-4-chloro-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol 213403-76-0 C21H16Cl2N2O
    2,6-Bis-{[(E)-4-chloro-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-{[(Z)-2,4,6-Tribromo-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol 26672-07-1 C13H8Br3NO
    2-{[(Z)-2,4,6-Tribromo-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 2-(1-aminoethyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1021267-65-1 C9H13NO2
    2-(1-aminoethyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-3-chloro-6-methoxy-phenol 34896-16-7 C15H23ClO2
    2,4-Di-tert-butyl-3-chloro-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— ethyl (2'S,7S)-4-hydroxyspiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,1'-cyclopropane]-1,3,5-triene-2'-carboxylate 1222090-85-8 C13H14O3
    ethyl (2'S,7S)-4-hydroxyspiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,1'-cyclopropane]-1,3,5-triene-2'-carboxylate
    —— bis-N,N'-(2-hydroxyacetophenylidine)-1,3-propanediamine 54216-01-2 C19H22N2O2
    bis-N,N'-(2-hydroxyacetophenylidine)-1,3-propanediamine
    —— 4-cyclopentyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol 20240-45-3 C11H12N2O5
    4-cyclopentyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— 2-Bromo-6-hydrazonomethyl-4-nitro-phenol 51084-77-6 C7H6BrN3O3
    2-Bromo-6-hydrazonomethyl-4-nitro-phenol
    —— tert-butyl N-[(3S)-1-[(5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate 1181082-60-9 C19H22FN3O4S
    tert-butyl N-[(3S)-1-[(5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate
    —— (Benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)amine 155797-25-4 C15H14N4O3
    (Benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)amine
    —— 163087-00-1 C34H32I2N8NdO6*I
    —— 6-Tetralol-5-<3H> 33501-03-0 C10H12O
    6-Tetralol-5-<3H>
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-5-hexadec-trans-1'-enylbenzene 117940-45-1 C22H36O2
    1,3-dihydroxy-5-hexadec-trans-1'-enylbenzene
    —— 1452925-49-3 C12H15FO3
    —— N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-sulfanylpropionohydrazide 1239460-65-1 C10H12N2O2S
    N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-sulfanylpropionohydrazide
    —— 3-Triethylsilanyloxymethyl-phenol 78382-15-7 C13H22O2Si
    3-Triethylsilanyloxymethyl-phenol
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one 1416565-93-9 C18H18N2O4
    4-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one
    —— (E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl acetate 1360054-22-3 C13H15BrO3
    (E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl acetate
    —— 2-((1-hydroxybutan-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1353118-90-7 C12H17NO3
    2-((1-hydroxybutan-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2'-Hydroxy-4'-chlorbenzaldehyd-5-chlor-2-methylanil 34801-00-8 C14H11Cl2NO
    2'-Hydroxy-4'-chlorbenzaldehyd-5-chlor-2-methylanil
    —— N-{2-[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propylamino]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-acetamide 53671-94-6 C14H22N2O5
    N-{2-[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propylamino]-ethyl}-2-methoxy-acetamide
    —— 3,6-Bis(24-chlortetracosyl)brenzcatechin 72619-58-0 C54H100Cl2O2
    3,6-Bis(24-chlortetracosyl)brenzcatechin
    —— S-methyl-β-N-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-methylene)-dithiocarbazate 42183-27-7 C10H12N2O2S2
    S-methyl-β-N-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-methylene)-dithiocarbazate
    —— (R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-<N-methyl-N-(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)amino>ethanol 110193-50-5 C12H18N2O2S
    (R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-<N-methyl-N-(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)amino>ethanol
    —— [2-(2-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amine 10414-91-2 C25H29NO4
    [2-(2-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amine