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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid 164171-54-4 C11H9NO4
    5-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid
    —— 4,4'-<1,2-phenylenebis(oxyethyleneoxy)>diphenol 132063-22-0 C22H22O6
    4,4'-<1,2-phenylenebis(oxyethyleneoxy)>diphenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-methoxy-6-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)phenol 852111-78-5 C11H13ClO2
    4-chloro-2-methoxy-6-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)phenol
    —— Zn(II){4-(6-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+) 102695-74-9 C24H22N6O4Zn
    Zn(II){4-(6-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+)
    —— 2,6-bis-({2-[(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)amino]ethylimino}methyl)-4-methylphenol 1253120-44-3 C27H26N6O7
    2,6-bis-({2-[(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)amino]ethylimino}methyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2,2'-decanediyl-di-hydroquinone 10365-27-2 C22H30O4
    2,2'-decanediyl-di-hydroquinone
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzenecarbothioamide 33557-98-1 C13H11NOS
    3-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzenecarbothioamide
    —— 4-Methylsulfanyl-3-nitro-phenol 771-72-2 C7H7NO3S
    4-Methylsulfanyl-3-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-[(Benzylamino)-[dimethoxy(oxido)phosphaniumyl]methyl]phenol 193820-75-6 C16H20NO4P
    2-[(Benzylamino)-[dimethoxy(oxido)phosphaniumyl]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester 800374-56-5 C11H13ClO4
    3-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-bromo-2-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenol 1093633-96-5 C18H14BrO2P
    3-bromo-2-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenol
    —— 1,3-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)azulen-6-ol 1187945-54-5 C22H30B2O5
    1,3-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)azulen-6-ol
    —— 5-Iod-vanillin-dimethylacetal 72165-27-6 C10H13IO4
    5-Iod-vanillin-dimethylacetal
    —— 5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde 808766-15-6 C15H24O4Si
    5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 5-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 52830-55-4 C11H12O4
    5-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— diethyl (4-{[(1E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}benzyl)phosphonate 1243241-00-0 C19H24NO5P
    diethyl (4-{[(1E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}benzyl)phosphonate
    —— N-Methyl-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,4,6-trinitrophenylhydrazon 19263-74-2 C15H13N5O8
    N-Methyl-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,4,6-trinitrophenylhydrazon
    —— (R)-4-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1544695-66-0 C14H14ClNO3
    (R)-4-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 55871-35-7 C6H3N3O7*C9H13NS
    —— 2-cyclopentylphenyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-33-8 C26H32N2O5
    2-cyclopentylphenyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-dimethylpyrazin 73570-32-8 C13H14N2O
    5-(2-Hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-dimethylpyrazin
    —— 2-(2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide 81038-51-9 C18H20BrNO5
    2-(2-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide
    —— 6-ethyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2(1H)-thione 1373955-96-4 C15H18N2O4S
    6-ethyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2(1H)-thione
    —— 4-Chlorobenzoic acid 2-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 477848-08-1 C15H12BrClN2O3
    4-Chlorobenzoic acid 2-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— 4-amino-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenol 1470111-19-3 C7H8INO2
    4-amino-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)phenol 888319-61-7 C12H11NOS
    5-Methyl-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)phenol
    —— (E)-2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide 1206228-03-6 C9H10ClN3OS
    (E)-2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-methylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-Allyl-4-methoxy-5-methyl-phenol 43037-84-9 C11H14O2
    2-Allyl-4-methoxy-5-methyl-phenol
    —— p-(1-Ethylcyclopent-1-yl)phenol 55631-69-1 C13H18O
    p-(1-Ethylcyclopent-1-yl)phenol
    —— 2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-methylphenol 126708-14-3 C16H18O2S
    2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-methylphenol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxocyclobutane-1-carbonitrile 1236124-79-0 C12H11NO3
    1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxocyclobutane-1-carbonitrile
    —— 1261386-18-8 C23H32N4O5
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(3-thienyl)benzaldehyde 1093118-60-5 C12H10O3S
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(3-thienyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 2-Nitrobenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon 41377-66-6 C14H10N4O6
    2-Nitrobenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro diphenylsulphone 103858-78-2 C12H9NO5S
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro diphenylsulphone
    —— 2-(Morpholin-4-yliminomethyl)phenol 374637-21-5 C11H14N2O2
    2-(Morpholin-4-yliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 82246-93-3 C15H16O4
    4-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[(2-methyl-2-propenoxyimino)methyl]-phenol 103743-07-3 C11H12ClNO2
    4-Chloro-2-[(2-methyl-2-propenoxyimino)methyl]-phenol
    —— 1-acetyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole 23004-96-8 C18H18N2O2
    1-acetyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
    —— 5-(butyliminomethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 145545-22-8 C12H17NO2
    5-(butyliminomethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— phloroglucinol radical 154848-77-8 C6H5O3
    phloroglucinol radical
    —— 3-(2-hydrohy-5-methoxyphenyl)propynoic acid 96106-90-0 C10H8O4
    3-(2-hydrohy-5-methoxyphenyl)propynoic acid
    —— 4-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-[1-(3-nitroanilino)ethylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 586356-63-0 C16H16N2O4
    4-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-[1-(3-nitroanilino)ethylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol 206664-22-4 C9H6Br2O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-[(1E)-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)diazenyl]phenol 1177418-50-6 C11H12N4OS
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-[(1E)-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)diazenyl]phenol
    —— 4,6-diiodo-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediol 114971-54-9 C7H6I2O2
    4,6-diiodo-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 1-Corbasil; 3-Amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)propan-1-ol 20228-13-1 C9H13NO3
    1-Corbasil; 3-Amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)propan-1-ol
    —— 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzaldehyde 98555-74-9 C7H4Cl2O4
    3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 3-Methyl-4-nitrocatechol 99936-93-3 C7H7NO4
    3-Methyl-4-nitrocatechol
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-methylbenzamide 1235578-20-7 C17H18N2O3
    N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-methylbenzamide