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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-isopentyloxy-phenethyl alcohol 106379-94-6 C13H20O2
    4-isopentyloxy-phenethyl alcohol
    —— cyclotricatechylene-acetone 75247-93-7 2C3H6O*C21H18O6
    cyclotricatechylene-acetone
    —— 2,4-diiodo-6-[(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol 20099-24-5 C14H18I2N2O
    2,4-diiodo-6-[(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol
    —— 5-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione 634585-96-9 C10H6N2O5S
    5-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (S)-2-(4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-6-methoxyphenol 1337458-45-3 C13H17NO3
    (S)-2-(4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— N-propyl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanimine 146305-09-1 C10H13NO
    N-propyl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanimine
    —— 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-ethane 855425-72-8 C14H9Cl3N2O6
    1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-ethane
    —— (E)-5'-hydroxy-2'-iodo-4'-methoxypropiophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime 1072708-52-1 C17H17IN2O5
    (E)-5'-hydroxy-2'-iodo-4'-methoxypropiophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime
    —— N-Cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidon-Hydrochinon-Komplex 41950-55-4 C6H6O2*C10H17NO
    N-Cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidon-Hydrochinon-Komplex
    —— 19183-06-3 C6H5N2O*Cl
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-<pyridyl-(2)>-propanol-(1) 20080-98-2 C14H15NO2
    3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-<pyridyl-(2)>-propanol-(1)
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-phenylthiosemicarbazon 18965-13-4 C19H23N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-phenylthiosemicarbazon
    —— 3-<3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-phenyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-on 10372-81-3 C18H14Br2O2
    3-<3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-phenyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-on
    —— 4-(2-Cyclohexylidene-ethyl)-phenol 2316-54-3 C14H18O
    4-(2-Cyclohexylidene-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 2,2'-(((azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol hydrochloride 38991-13-8 C18H21N3O2*ClH
    2,2'-(((azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol hydrochloride
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydro-1H-selenophen-1-ium chloride 1052103-98-6 C10H13OSe*Cl
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydro-1H-selenophen-1-ium chloride
    —— N'-(bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)acetohydrazide 1323153-41-8 C15H14N2O3
    N'-(bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-(((1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol 141025-32-3 C13H12N2OS
    2-(((1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4-methoxypyridine(1:1) 91367-93-0 C12H10N4O8
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4-methoxypyridine(1:1)
    —— 2,7-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)-3,6-diazaocta-2,6-diene 876344-87-5 C18H16Br4N2O2
    2,7-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)-3,6-diazaocta-2,6-diene
    —— 4,6-Di-hydroxymethyl-5-bromguajacol 37942-00-0 C9H11BrO4
    4,6-Di-hydroxymethyl-5-bromguajacol
    —— 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((2-((((E)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-2-(propoxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-methoxyphenol) 131627-08-2 C32H39N3O7
    2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((2-((((E)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)amino)methyl)-2-(propoxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-methoxyphenol)
    —— 1304433-57-5 C23H14ClF6N5O2
    —— 2-[(2-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-chloro-3-fluorophenol 103743-31-3 C11H9ClFNO2
    2-[(2-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-chloro-3-fluorophenol
    —— 2,4-dibromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 121869-57-6 C8H8Br2O3
    2,4-dibromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 5-(2-allyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidine 89446-27-5 C16H20N4O3
    5-(2-allyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidine
    —— 2-[(4,5-diamino-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-4-nitro-phenol 459839-66-8 C13H18N6O3
    2-[(4,5-diamino-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2,3-dihydroxy-4-(8-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-dien-1-yl)benzaldehyde 844644-78-6 C18H18N2O7
    2,3-dihydroxy-4-(8-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-dien-1-yl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4-Benzylidenamino-tert-butylphenol 10434-93-2 C17H19NO
    4-Benzylidenamino-tert-butylphenol
    —— 2-[1-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)-3-butynyl]phenol 953780-77-3 C25H20O2
    2-[1-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)-3-butynyl]phenol
    —— 5-(3-Chlor-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-uracil 17187-51-8 C11H9ClN2O3
    5-(3-Chlor-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-uracil
    —— 1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-acetoxy-2-brom-propan 4962-33-8 C12H15BrO4
    1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-acetoxy-2-brom-propan
    —— 2-(2-chloro-thiazol-4-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol 90799-66-9 C10H8ClNO2S
    2-(2-chloro-thiazol-4-yl)-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2(2,4-Dihydroxyphenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazol 16406-52-3 C15H17N3O2S
    2(2,4-Dihydroxyphenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazol
    —— 5-Isopropylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 2973-57-1 C12H16O3S
    5-Isopropylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 4-Isopentyl-1-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-thiosemicarbazid 19152-28-4 C13H18ClN3OS
    4-Isopentyl-1-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-thiosemicarbazid
    —— 2-(2,2-Dimethoxyethyliminomethyl)phenol 57116-83-3 C11H15NO3
    2-(2,2-Dimethoxyethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(1,4,6-Trimethyl-1,4-diazepan-6-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 910790-15-7 C15H23N3O
    2-[(1,4,6-Trimethyl-1,4-diazepan-6-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactoyl-N-acetylcysteamine 1443120-43-1 C13H17NO4S
    (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactoyl-N-acetylcysteamine
    —— 3-{3-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-methoxycarbonylmethylphenyl)-ethinyl]-2-pyridyl}-propionic acid methyl ester 154498-14-3 C20H19NO5
    3-{3-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-methoxycarbonylmethylphenyl)-ethinyl]-2-pyridyl}-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-thiosemicarbazon 19015-21-5 C10H13N3O2S
    5-Aethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyd-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 41157-62-4 C14H22BaO
    —— N-Aethyl-formimidiumsaeure-methylester-pikrat 3619-33-8 C4H9NO*C6H3N3O7
    N-Aethyl-formimidiumsaeure-methylester-pikrat
    —— 2-Aethoxycarbonyl-3-<4-hydroxyphenyl>-5-<5-fluor-2-hydroxyphenyl>-cyclohex-5-en-1-on 3967-71-3 C21H19FO5
    2-Aethoxycarbonyl-3-<4-hydroxyphenyl>-5-<5-fluor-2-hydroxyphenyl>-cyclohex-5-en-1-on
    —— 5-Benzylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 2931-98-8 C16H16O3S
    5-Benzylmercaptomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)furan-2(5H)-one 1320275-67-9 C16H19NO5
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)furan-2(5H)-one
    —— 5-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol 41273-86-3 C11H15NO4
    5-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 2-chloro-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)acetamide 1274573-47-5 C14H18ClNO3
    2-chloro-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)acetamide
    —— 4-(2-ethylpyridin-4-ylmethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol 1168139-94-3 C16H19NO
    4-(2-ethylpyridin-4-ylmethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-Cyan-3-methoxyhydrochinon 52095-09-7 C8H7NO3
    2-Cyan-3-methoxyhydrochinon