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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-azetidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-10-1 C23H34N2O5
    3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-azetidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2,6-bis(((2-methoxyethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1356339-52-0 C26H33N5O5
    2,6-bis(((2-methoxyethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— [Zn(2-([3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]aminopropyliminomethyl)phenol)(2-([3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]aminopropyliminomethyl)phenol-H)]ClO4 1432047-21-6 C13H14N3O*C13H15N3O*ClO4*Zn
    [Zn(2-([3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]aminopropyliminomethyl)phenol)(2-([3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]aminopropyliminomethyl)phenol-H)]ClO4
    —— N'-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbohydrazide 929684-86-6 C12H11N3O3
    N'-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbohydrazide
    —— 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyd-<sup>14</sup>C 22116-85-4 C7H6O2
    3-Hydroxybenzaldehyd-<sup>14</sup>C
    —— N-(1,3-diphenyl-4-ethylene-5-pyrazolone)-salicylidene hydrazone 1095841-63-6 C24H20N4O2
    N-(1,3-diphenyl-4-ethylene-5-pyrazolone)-salicylidene hydrazone
    —— 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile 85418-20-8 C9H8INO3
    2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— 2-(Benzylimino-methyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 53848-12-7 C15H15NO2
    2-(Benzylimino-methyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1400191-41-4 C17H18N2O3
    —— 2-amino-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-4-fluoro-3-butenoic acid 85465-59-4 C11H12FNO4
    2-amino-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-4-fluoro-3-butenoic acid
    —— 2-(-(3-(dimethylamino)propylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol 1168004-31-6 C12H17BrN2O
    2-(-(3-(dimethylamino)propylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-2-silatricyclo[8.4.0.0^{3,8}]tetradeca-1(10),3,5,7,11,13-hexaene-5,13-diol 1383119-09-2 C15H16O2Si
    2,2-dimethyl-2-silatricyclo[8.4.0.0^{3,8}]tetradeca-1(10),3,5,7,11,13-hexaene-5,13-diol
    —— 2-(N-((Anilinocarbonyl)oxy)hexanimidoyl)-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene 101002-13-5 C20H24N2O3
    2-(N-((Anilinocarbonyl)oxy)hexanimidoyl)-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene
    —— 4-[4(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)]-5-methylthiothiophene-2-carboxamidine hydrochloride 237382-34-2 C16H15N3O2S3*ClH
    4-[4(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)]-5-methylthiothiophene-2-carboxamidine hydrochloride
    —— N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-2,4-diiodo-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine 171515-43-8 C10H8F3I2NO2
    N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-2,4-diiodo-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine
    —— 2-(((3,5-Dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-4,6-diiodophenol 303107-18-8 C11H10I2N4O
    2-(((3,5-Dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-4,6-diiodophenol
    —— 4-((S)-1-Hydroxy-allyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 136694-91-2 C11H14O4
    4-((S)-1-Hydroxy-allyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(Salicylidenaminooxymethyl)-phenol 97373-94-9 C14H13NO3
    2-(Salicylidenaminooxymethyl)-phenol
    —— cyano-[3-ethyl-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-(2Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid allyl ester 913474-54-1 C19H18N2O5S
    cyano-[3-ethyl-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-(2Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid allyl ester
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl thioether 216298-36-1 C13H12O5S
    3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl thioether
    —— 2-Allyl-3-bromo-4-methoxy-phenol 74097-30-6 C10H11BrO2
    2-Allyl-3-bromo-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— (4-Bromo-2-(4-morpholinylmethyl)phenoxy)acetic acid ((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)hydrazide 42024-76-0 C21H24BrN3O5
    (4-Bromo-2-(4-morpholinylmethyl)phenoxy)acetic acid ((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)hydrazide
    —— N,N'-[1,1'-dithiobis(phenyl)]bis(5-methoxysalicylaldimine) 139954-11-3 C28H24N2O4S2
    N,N'-[1,1'-dithiobis(phenyl)]bis(5-methoxysalicylaldimine)
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(3E)-hexen-2-one 952315-71-8 C12H14O2
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(3E)-hexen-2-one
    —— 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dimethoxy-hydroquinone 858219-07-5 C8H8Cl2O4
    2,5-dichloro-3,6-dimethoxy-hydroquinone
    —— 2-[[(1,2-Dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]amino]-4-nitrophenol 886771-16-0 C17H15N3O3
    2-[[(1,2-Dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene]amino]-4-nitrophenol
    —— cyano-[3-ethyl-5-[1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-(2Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid allyl ester 913474-56-3 C18H16N2O4S
    cyano-[3-ethyl-5-[1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-(2Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid allyl ester
    —— 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol 1428321-06-5 C19H18N6O
    4-methyl-2,6-bis[(2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol
    —— sery144 1204141-37-6 C17H18N2O4
    sery144
    —— 2-(Dipropargylamino)-4-nitrophenol 56025-00-4 C12H10N2O3
    2-(Dipropargylamino)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2,3,5-Trichlor-6-aethylhydrochinon 65824-97-7 C8H7Cl3O2
    2,3,5-Trichlor-6-aethylhydrochinon
    —— 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamid(Carbonyl-<sup>14</sup>C) 60218-46-4 C8H9NO2
    4-Hydroxyphenylacetamid(Carbonyl-<sup>14</sup>C)
    —— N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide 475141-88-9 C18H18N2O6
    N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbohydrazide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 1033037-77-2 C13H17NO4
    4-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4-hydroxyphenyl-N,N-isobutylmethylimide 63877-46-3 C12H17NO
    4-hydroxyphenyl-N,N-isobutylmethylimide
    —— (3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-furan-2-yl-methanone oxime 97034-88-3 C11H7Br2NO3
    (3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-furan-2-yl-methanone oxime
    —— N-(Hydroxy-4 methoxy-3 benzyl)imidazol 41833-20-9 C10H9N3O3
    N-(Hydroxy-4 methoxy-3 benzyl)imidazol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N2-(1,1-dimethyl)ethyl-ethanediamine dihydrochloride 128349-39-3 C12H20N2O*2ClH
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N2-(1,1-dimethyl)ethyl-ethanediamine dihydrochloride
    —— 6,8,9-trichloro-7-hydroxy-2-phenylbenzo[f][1,3,4]-oxadiazepin-5-(4H)-one 1217805-77-0 C14H7Cl3N2O3
    6,8,9-trichloro-7-hydroxy-2-phenylbenzo[f][1,3,4]-oxadiazepin-5-(4H)-one
    —— [1,2,4]Triazino[4,3-d][1,3,4]oxadiazin-3(2H)-one,4,9-dihydro-7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- 141213-00-5 C11H10N4O3
    [1,2,4]Triazino[4,3-d][1,3,4]oxadiazin-3(2H)-one,4,9-dihydro-7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-
    —— 4,4'-ethylidenebis(2-nitro-3,6-dimethylphenol) 1021497-27-7 C18H20N2O6
    4,4'-ethylidenebis(2-nitro-3,6-dimethylphenol)
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-4-chlor-benzylalkohol 89692-64-8 C7H5ClN2O6
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-4-chlor-benzylalkohol
    —— 4-Ethyl-2-[[4-[(5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol 1257423-39-4 C24H24N2O2
    4-Ethyl-2-[[4-[(5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 3-(Diethylamino)-5-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole 153528-45-1 C14H18N2O3
    3-(Diethylamino)-5-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-disulfanediyl-di-phenol 109473-64-5 C16H18O2S2
    3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-disulfanediyl-di-phenol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-5,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-5λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 111677-30-6 C21H19NO5S
    4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-5,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-5λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide picrate 923278-59-5 C6H3N3O7*C10H14N2O3
    N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide picrate
    —— 3-[1-(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-ethyl]-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazolium; dipicrate 124130-22-9 C6H2N3O7*C6H3N3O7*C13H19N4OS
    3-[1-(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-ethyl]-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazolium; dipicrate
    —— (4-Hydroxyphenyl)-methyl-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]sulfanium;1-phenylethyl sulfate 1393884-34-8 C8H9O4S*C15H17OS
    (4-Hydroxyphenyl)-methyl-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]sulfanium;1-phenylethyl sulfate
    —— 4-(2-chloro-propyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 4204-51-7 C10H13ClO2
    4-(2-chloro-propyl)-2-methoxy-phenol