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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 1230388-70-1 C20H29NO2Si
    2-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 1223515-72-7 C9H6Cl2N2OS
    —— 7-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-diphenyl-5,7-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-6-one 1067073-87-3 C25H20N2O3S
    7-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-diphenyl-5,7-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-6-one
    —— 6-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-pyran-2-one 30831-45-9 C11H8O4
    6-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,3-Difluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol 158178-37-1 C7H3F5O2
    2,3-Difluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol
    —— 4,6-dihydroxy-N'1,N'3-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)benzene-1,3-disulfonohydrazide 76968-86-0 C20H18N4O8S2
    4,6-dihydroxy-N'1,N'3-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)benzene-1,3-disulfonohydrazide
    —— dimethyl(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)sulfonium chloride 7379-36-4 C9H13OS*Cl
    dimethyl(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)sulfonium chloride
    —— 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033771-81-1 C22H18BrN3O
    4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— 4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol 1224164-22-0 C20H15Cl2NO3
    4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 5,5'-diphenyl-2,2'-salicylidene-bis-cyclohexane-1,3-dione 854445-48-0 C31H28O5
    5,5'-diphenyl-2,2'-salicylidene-bis-cyclohexane-1,3-dione
    —— (Z)-2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-thioacrylimidic acid methyl ester 133149-55-0 C11H10N2OS
    (Z)-2-Cyano-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-thioacrylimidic acid methyl ester
    —— (-)-2-(((2R,4S)-2-(2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl)-4-(triisopropylsilyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)methyl)phenol 1177258-92-2 C39H56O4Si2
    (-)-2-(((2R,4S)-2-(2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl)-4-(triisopropylsilyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-Hydrazonomethyl-6-nitro-phenol 51084-73-2 C7H7N3O3
    2-Hydrazonomethyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-Chlor-6-brom-vanillin, 2-Chlor-6-brom-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 90004-82-3 C8H6BrClO3
    2-Chlor-6-brom-vanillin, 2-Chlor-6-brom-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[[2-[[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylpropyl]iminomethyl]phenol 219510-17-5 C23H21Cl2N3O2
    4-Chloro-2-[[2-[[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylpropyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(1-hydroxybut-3-en-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 749885-08-3 C11H14O3
    2-(1-hydroxybut-3-en-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— monoaureate of 2,6-bis((diethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 141753-98-2 AuCl4*C17H31N2O2
    monoaureate of 2,6-bis((diethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(2-Methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261942-58-8 C11H10OS
    4-(2-Methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 1,5-Bis-<2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl>-pentan-1,5-dion-dioxim 4714-77-6 C19H22N2O6
    1,5-Bis-<2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl>-pentan-1,5-dion-dioxim
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxyamino-ethyl)-3-methoxy-phenol 889128-36-3 C9H13NO3
    4-(1-Hydroxyamino-ethyl)-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2,3,5-tribromo-4-methoxyphenol 109482-10-2 C7H5Br3O2
    2,3,5-tribromo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-methylamino-methanesulfonic acid 64576-84-7 C8H11NO4S
    (2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-methylamino-methanesulfonic acid
    —— 1-Isopropylamino-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propan-2-one oxime 125720-86-7 C15H24N2O3
    1-Isopropylamino-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propan-2-one oxime
    —— N-<(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(2)-furyl-methyl>-N-methyl-carbaminsaeure-methylester 7646-29-9 C14H15NO4
    N-<(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(2)-furyl-methyl>-N-methyl-carbaminsaeure-methylester
    —— 2-bromo-N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)acetamide 53527-21-2 C9H10BrNO3
    2-bromo-N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)acetamide
    —— (Z)-1-ethyl-4-[2-(2-hidroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1-ureylvinyl]pyridinium bromide 1313200-47-3 Br*C16H17N4O4
    (Z)-1-ethyl-4-[2-(2-hidroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1-ureylvinyl]pyridinium bromide
    —— 3.5-Dimethyl-2-(hydroxy-6-methylpyridylmethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 162653-20-5 C15H17NO3
    3.5-Dimethyl-2-(hydroxy-6-methylpyridylmethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 5-Ethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid methyl ester 22921-12-6 C17H22O3
    5-Ethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-bis-<mercapto-methyl>-benzol 5273-77-8 C8H10O2S2
    2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-bis-<mercapto-methyl>-benzol
    —— 4-cyclopent-2-enyl-pyrocatechol 57878-33-8 C11H12O2
    4-cyclopent-2-enyl-pyrocatechol
    —— 4-((E)-3-Methoxy-propenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 63830-75-1 C12H16O2
    4-((E)-3-Methoxy-propenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 5,5',5''-tris-octadecanoyloxy-2,2',2''-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol 1789-11-3 C75H117N3O9
    5,5',5''-tris-octadecanoyloxy-2,2',2''-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol
    —— <i>N</i>-(1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-yl)-acetamide; picrate 109847-35-0 C5H7N3O*C6H3N3O7
    <i>N</i>-(1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-yl)-acetamide; picrate
    —— 4-methyl-2-[1-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylimino)-ethyl]-phenol 27528-48-9 C15H22N2O2
    4-methyl-2-[1-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylimino)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— 3-Methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenonoxim 37026-78-1 C9H11NO2
    3-Methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenonoxim
    —— 1,3-Diisopropyl-2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-isourea; compound with picric acid 87931-16-6 C6H3N3O7*C14H22N2O2
    1,3-Diisopropyl-2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-isourea; compound with picric acid
    —— [(4R)-4-benzyl-2-thioxooxazolidin-3-yl]-[(1R,5S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)cyclopent-2-enyl]methanone 350987-73-4 C22H31NO3SSi
    [(4R)-4-benzyl-2-thioxooxazolidin-3-yl]-[(1R,5S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)cyclopent-2-enyl]methanone
    —— (4S,5S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid bis-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-amide] 460748-94-1 C19H18N4O10
    (4S,5S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylic acid bis-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-amide]
    —— 4-bromo-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)phenol 1351557-40-8 C10H11BrO
    4-bromo-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— bis-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethoxy-phenyl)-methane 102445-60-3 C21H28O10
    bis-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethoxy-phenyl)-methane
    —— 2-[N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-6-methoxyphenol 1334482-41-5 C15H19N3O2
    2-[N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-[[(4,6-dimorpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol 5546-06-5 C18H21BrClN7O3
    4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-[[(4,6-dimorpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-Cyclopentyl-3-methoxy-phenol 21712-98-1 C12H16O2
    4-Cyclopentyl-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-Amino-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-butyramide 54653-64-4 C12H18N2O3
    4-Amino-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-butyramide
    —— 2-(2-p-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3-dithian 74882-29-4 C12H16OS2
    2-(2-p-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3-dithian
    —— <2-Hydroxymethyl>-isopseudocumenol 90925-41-0 C10H14O2
    <2-Hydroxymethyl>-isopseudocumenol
    —— 4-(Butyl-methyl-amino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 92111-93-8 C13H21NO
    4-(Butyl-methyl-amino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 5-(2-furyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzonitrile 114106-70-6 C12H9NO3
    5-(2-furyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzonitrile
    —— (R)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenylethylamine 1204611-65-3 C16H17NO2
    (R)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenylethylamine
    —— 3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-propionamide 92446-52-1 C19H21NO5
    3-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-propionamide