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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetone 856981-36-7 C9H9ClO2
    1-chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetone
    —— 102678-67-1 C24H20N6NiO4
    —— 1389250-13-8 C11H9Br2NO3
    —— (1R,3R)-3-methylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-26-9 C22H32N2O5
    (1R,3R)-3-methylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— (monochloro)oxozirconium(IV) 4-nitrophenoxide 1027097-27-3 C6H4NO3*Cl*OZr
    (monochloro)oxozirconium(IV) 4-nitrophenoxide
    —— Eu<sup>III</sup>(4-[(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)ethynyl]-2,6-bis{[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl}pyridine(4-))(1-) 565442-72-0 C24H18EuN4O8S
    Eu<sup>III</sup>(4-[(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)ethynyl]-2,6-bis{[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl}pyridine(4-))(1-)
    —— 3-bromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 109416-34-4 C8H8BrClO
    3-bromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— N-{6-[4-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxyl]-hexyl}-maleamic acid 174603-83-9 C23H25NO8
    N-{6-[4-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxyl]-hexyl}-maleamic acid
    —— 2-{[1-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile 69594-71-4 C17H15ClN2O2S
    2-{[1-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 4-(2-salicylideneiminoethylthio)-5-methyl-4',5'-(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene 1246173-52-3 C18H17NOS7
    4-(2-salicylideneiminoethylthio)-5-methyl-4',5'-(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene
    —— 4-hydroxy-α-{[(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-3-(methylthio)benzenemethanol acetate salt 66265-42-7 C2H4O2*C19H25NO2S
    4-hydroxy-α-{[(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)amino]methyl}-3-(methylthio)benzenemethanol acetate salt
    —— di-Butylammonium-pikrat 16639-68-2 C6H3N3O7*C8H19N
    di-Butylammonium-pikrat
    —— 2-Oxo-4-methyl-6-<4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin 132856-96-3 C13H18N2O2
    2-Oxo-4-methyl-6-<4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin
    —— N-benzyl-C-p-hydroxyphenyl nitrone 22687-13-4 C14H13NO2
    N-benzyl-C-p-hydroxyphenyl nitrone
    —— 3-tert-Butyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol 5651-78-5 C10H12N2O5
    3-tert-Butyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— N-tert-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylimino)acetamide 1256769-43-3 C18H19N3O4
    N-tert-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-(phenylimino)acetamide
    —— 4-(4-amino-benzylsulfanyl)-3-chloro-phenol 106474-62-8 C13H12ClNOS
    4-(4-amino-benzylsulfanyl)-3-chloro-phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethyl methyl carbonate 1375102-20-7 C12H16O6
    4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethyl methyl carbonate
    —— 859295-75-3 C15H16N2O3
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-vanillylidenamino-thiazolidin-4-one 101794-17-6 C18H18N2O5S
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-vanillylidenamino-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-(2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridine 91396-98-4 C12H11N3O
    4-(2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridine
    —— 2-(N-aminoformimidoyl)-6-methoxyphenol 51084-72-1 C8H10N2O2
    2-(N-aminoformimidoyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile 1314759-56-2 C10H9NO2
    3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— N-(2-Nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamin 71788-41-5 C12H16N2O7
    N-(2-Nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamin
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylnonanol 112109-74-7 C20H34O3
    5-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylnonanol
    —— 1429213-08-0 C15H11Cl2N3O3
    —— 4,6-bis[N-(2-aminoethyl)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 903873-03-0 C14H22N4O2
    4,6-bis[N-(2-aminoethyl)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-yl)propanoic acid 1415611-32-3 C15H20O3
    3-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-yl)propanoic acid
    —— 2,4-Dimethoxy-6-[(E)-3-methyl-5-(1,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-pent-2-enyl]-phenol 72853-90-8 C23H34O3
    2,4-Dimethoxy-6-[(E)-3-methyl-5-(1,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-pent-2-enyl]-phenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-2-ium-3-carbaldehyde 1191259-19-4 C9H6N2O4
    4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-2-ium-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetramethyl-xanthylium; chloride 110179-04-9 C17H17O5*Cl
    1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetramethyl-xanthylium; chloride
    —— trans-3-methylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-27-0 C22H32N2O5
    trans-3-methylcyclohexyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 4,4-diethylcyclohexyl (S)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-20-3 C24H36N2O5
    4,4-diethylcyclohexyl (S)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-benzaldehyde oxime 60523-98-0 C9H11NO2
    4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-benzaldehyde oxime
    —— 2-hydroxy-5,NN-trimethyl-N-(2-t-butylallyl)anilinium bromide 79249-74-4 Br*C16H26NO
    2-hydroxy-5,NN-trimethyl-N-(2-t-butylallyl)anilinium bromide
    —— 2-(5-Nitro-3-chlor-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-buttersaeure-ethylester 19169-41-6 C12H14ClN3O5
    2-(5-Nitro-3-chlor-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-buttersaeure-ethylester
    —— N'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide 94822-44-3 C17H18N2O4
    N'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— 773887-38-0 C24H29IN2OPd
    —— (E)-diethyl 2-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-ynyl)-2-(3-iodoallyl)malonate 1258418-96-0 C21H25IO6
    (E)-diethyl 2-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-ynyl)-2-(3-iodoallyl)malonate
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-(2-methoxyethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride 2247105-79-7 C10H13ClO4S
    2-Methoxy-5-(2-methoxyethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride
    —— 1310682-30-4 C12H13BrO
    —— Ni(II){4-(3-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+) 102678-62-6 C24H22N6NiO4
    Ni(II){4-(3-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+)
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-4-(2,4,6-tribromo-anilino)-phenol 859951-84-1 C12H4Br7NO
    2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-4-(2,4,6-tribromo-anilino)-phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide 1267528-45-9 C18H19N3O2S
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide
    —— 3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde phenylhydrazone 285560-83-0 C14H13BrN2O2
    3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde phenylhydrazone
    —— 1-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]thiourea 115106-87-1 C19H21N3O4S2
    1-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]thiourea
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3-(1-methyl-cyclohexylmethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1185391-31-4 C18H20BrNO3S
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3-(1-methyl-cyclohexylmethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35-Hexabutylheptacyclo[31.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31]dotetraconta-1(36),3,5,7(42),9,11,13(41),15,17,19(40),21(39),22,24,27(38),28,30,33(37),34-octadecaene-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexol 123978-35-8 C66H84O6
    5,11,17,23,29,35-Hexabutylheptacyclo[31.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25.127,31]dotetraconta-1(36),3,5,7(42),9,11,13(41),15,17,19(40),21(39),22,24,27(38),28,30,33(37),34-octadecaene-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexol
    —— 3'-Methoxy-salicyliden-5-chlor-2-amino-pyridin 73447-07-1 C13H11ClN2O2
    3'-Methoxy-salicyliden-5-chlor-2-amino-pyridin
    —— 2-{[(E)-2-(3H-Imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 101221-09-4 C13H15N3OS
    2-{[(E)-2-(3H-Imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol