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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenylamino)-butan-2-one 64073-75-2 C16H15ClN2O4
    4-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenylamino)-butan-2-one
    —— N-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-δ-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-valeramid 64201-35-0 C14H21NO3
    N-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-δ-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-valeramid
    —— 2-Chloro-N-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-benzyl)-acetamide 26486-44-2 C10H10Cl3NO2
    2-Chloro-N-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-benzyl)-acetamide
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino]pyridin-3-ol 1071517-28-6 C13H12N2O3
    2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino]pyridin-3-ol
    —— 2,4,6-Tris-(1-methyl-nonadecyl)-phenol 15233-88-2 C66H126O
    2,4,6-Tris-(1-methyl-nonadecyl)-phenol
    —— 2,7,13,18-tetramethyl-3,6,14,17-tetraazatricyclo-[17.3.1.1]tetracosa-1(23)2,6,8(24),8,11,13,17,19,21-decaene-9,11,20,22-tetraol 903873-02-9 C24H28N4O4
    2,7,13,18-tetramethyl-3,6,14,17-tetraazatricyclo-[17.3.1.1]tetracosa-1(23)2,6,8(24),8,11,13,17,19,21-decaene-9,11,20,22-tetraol
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-aminophenol hydrochloride 38225-41-1 C9H13NO*ClH
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-aminophenol hydrochloride
    —— NT205 1032176-08-1 C16H14INO5S
    NT205
    —— N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)acetamide 1447160-26-0 C15H13Cl2NO4
    N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— methyl (Z)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)but-3-enoate 387401-16-3 C11H12O4
    methyl (Z)-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)but-3-enoate
    —— 1311513-75-3 C20H20N4O5S2
    —— Potassium;trifluoro-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)boranuide 1033783-03-7 C7H7BF3O2*K
    Potassium;trifluoro-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)boranuide
    —— 3-(2-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-benzyloxy)-2-methyl-phenol 164228-22-2 C16H17BrO4
    3-(2-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-benzyloxy)-2-methyl-phenol
    —— N,N'-(2,6-pyridinediyldimethylidyne)bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzenamine) 934268-45-8 C21H19N3O2
    N,N'-(2,6-pyridinediyldimethylidyne)bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzenamine)
    —— 1372118-26-7 C16H16O4
    —— 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylmandelonitril 72311-31-0 C10H11NO3
    5-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylmandelonitril
    —— (2S,4R,6S)-2-(4''-hydroxyphenethyl)-6-(4'''-hydroxy-3'''-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4-yl-3''''-(4'''''-methoxyphenyl)propyl carbonate 1440431-95-7 C31H36O8
    (2S,4R,6S)-2-(4''-hydroxyphenethyl)-6-(4'''-hydroxy-3'''-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4-yl-3''''-(4'''''-methoxyphenyl)propyl carbonate
    —— triethyl-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenylamino)ethyl]ammonium bromide 244779-88-2 Br*C15H27N2O
    triethyl-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenylamino)ethyl]ammonium bromide
    —— α,α'-Bis-<4-hydroxy-3.5-dimethyl-phenyl>-isobuten 16601-95-9 C20H24O2
    α,α'-Bis-<4-hydroxy-3.5-dimethyl-phenyl>-isobuten
    —— N-<1-Methyl-2-hydroxyimino-propyliden>-salicylamin 22953-80-6 C11H14N2O2
    N-<1-Methyl-2-hydroxyimino-propyliden>-salicylamin
    —— sodium 2-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl sulfate 110925-69-4 C10H12NO6S*Na
    sodium 2-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl sulfate
    —— 1-Trimethylsilyl-3.4-dihydroxy-benzol 17881-72-0 C9H14O2Si
    1-Trimethylsilyl-3.4-dihydroxy-benzol
    —— 1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexanecarbonitrile 881888-33-1 C13H15NO2
    1-(3,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexanecarbonitrile
    —— 78178-85-5 C20H21NO4*ClH
    —— 3-([(2-amino-ethyl)-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino]-methyl)-4-nitro-phenol 1037826-14-4 C15H18N4O3
    3-([(2-amino-ethyl)-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino]-methyl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 5-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole 1431166-08-3 C22H19NO2
    5-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole
    —— 2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methoxyphenol 1600530-28-6 C7H6ClFO2
    2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylisocyanate 1245209-80-6 C7H4N2O4
    2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylisocyanate
    —— 2-[2-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)-4-pentynyl]phenol 953780-79-5 C26H22O2
    2-[2-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)-4-pentynyl]phenol
    —— 3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-furan-2-one 10075-43-1 C17H10Br2O3
    3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-furan-2-one
    —— 4-(3-propoxybutyl)phenol 1338831-51-8 C13H20O2
    4-(3-propoxybutyl)phenol
    —— <4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-<3-(2-amino-ethyl)-indolyl-(2)>-<3-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-2-benzyl-indolyl-(6)>-methan 3745-87-7 C36H38N4O2
    <4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-<3-(2-amino-ethyl)-indolyl-(2)>-<3-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-2-benzyl-indolyl-(6)>-methan
    —— 4-iodo-2-methyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol 1012308-63-2 C12H15IO
    4-iodo-2-methyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol
    —— cyclotricatechylene-N-methylpyrrolidinone 75247-88-0 3C5H9NO*C21H18O6
    cyclotricatechylene-N-methylpyrrolidinone
    —— 5-Amino-4-methyl-2-nitrophenol 2055119-24-7 C7H8N2O3
    5-Amino-4-methyl-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2,5-di-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 1230389-70-4 C24H37NO2Si
    2,5-di-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 5110-88-3 C19H14N6O6
    —— N-Decanoyl-4-hydroxy-3.5-dimethoxy-benzylamin 4973-56-2 C19H31NO4
    N-Decanoyl-4-hydroxy-3.5-dimethoxy-benzylamin
    —— 2-tert-Butoxy-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl)-phenol 57466-27-0 C18H30O2
    2-tert-Butoxy-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl)-phenol
    —— 2-Chlor-5,7-dinitro-3-hydroxy-tropon 2017-97-2 C7H3ClN2O6
    2-Chlor-5,7-dinitro-3-hydroxy-tropon
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol 215033-57-1 C18H21NO2
    2-Tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— ethyl [(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylthio)(diethoxyphenylphosphoranylidene)-methyl]phenylphosphinate 66347-50-0 C25H29ClO5P2S
    ethyl [(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylthio)(diethoxyphenylphosphoranylidene)-methyl]phenylphosphinate
    —— 2-{[1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-methyl-phenol 878193-88-5 C14H12ClNO
    2-{[1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-methyl-phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(5-methylsalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1334545-42-4 C28H40N2O2
    N,N'-bis(5-methylsalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— N-(4,6-dimethylpyrid-2-yl)salicylaldimine 85272-65-7 C14H14N2O
    N-(4,6-dimethylpyrid-2-yl)salicylaldimine
    —— 2-(2,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenol 1237740-81-6 C14H18O
    2-(2,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2,3-dinitro-phenol 56962-05-1 C6H3ClN2O5
    4-chloro-2,3-dinitro-phenol
    —— <(tert.butoxycarbonyl)amino>-3 (hydroxy-4 nitro-3 phenyl)-1 azetidinone-2 (3-S) 117901-33-4 C14H17N3O6
    <(tert.butoxycarbonyl)amino>-3 (hydroxy-4 nitro-3 phenyl)-1 azetidinone-2 (3-S)
    —— 2-chloro-1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one 1082036-86-9 C17H15ClN2O3
    2-chloro-1-(3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one
    —— (2-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-6-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester 180412-87-7 C10H11NO6
    (2-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-6-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester