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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— zinc(II) 5,15-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenyl-porphyrinate 502763-24-8 C44H28N4O4Zn
    zinc(II) 5,15-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenyl-porphyrinate
    —— 2-((pyridin-2-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol 137129-33-0 C13H12N2O
    2-((pyridin-2-ylmethylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 4,6-dihydroxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzaldehyde 426820-54-4 C14H18O5
    4,6-dihydroxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzaldehyde
    —— (4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdibromid 120581-05-7 C14H14Br2O3Te
    (4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdibromid
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-chloracetophenonoxim 56484-63-0 C8H8ClNO2
    2-Hydroxy-4-chloracetophenonoxim
    —— 5-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-N-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide 1253585-45-3 C19H18N2O5
    5-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-N-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-yl)-phenol 84571-36-8 C16H18N2O2
    2-Methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)amino)methyl)phenol 1085234-47-4 C12H13ClN2O2
    4-chloro-2-(((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)amino)methyl)phenol
    —— α-<3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-phenylimino>-p-methoxy-phenylacetonitril 21553-23-1 C16H14N2O2
    α-<3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-phenylimino>-p-methoxy-phenylacetonitril
    —— 4-chloro-2-isopropyl-6-nitrophenol 90346-66-0 C9H10ClNO3
    4-chloro-2-isopropyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde [(1E)-1-pyridin-2-ylethylidene]hydrazone 1160238-29-8 C14H13N3O
    2-hydroxybenzaldehyde [(1E)-1-pyridin-2-ylethylidene]hydrazone
    —— 2-amino-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 1750-79-4 C8H7N3O2
    2-amino-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— 4-Brom-N-<4-hydroxy-salicyliden>-anilin 15666-61-2 C13H10BrNO2
    4-Brom-N-<4-hydroxy-salicyliden>-anilin
    —— 2-[(1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide 1029015-69-7 C25H24N4O4S
    2-[(1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— 1349176-41-5 C9H9F3O6S
    —— 2-{[(E)-(1S,2S)-2-Phenyl-cyclohexylimino]-methyl}-phenol 91524-56-0 C19H21NO
    2-{[(E)-(1S,2S)-2-Phenyl-cyclohexylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 3-(benzyloxy)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzonitrile 1529796-64-2 C15H13NO3
    3-(benzyloxy)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzonitrile
    —— 1-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea 1188514-48-8 C9H8N4O2S
    1-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea
    —— 4,10,17,23,30,36-hexa-tert-butyl-7,13,20,26,33,39-hexahydroxy[1.0.1.0.1.0]metacyclophane 151022-33-2 C63H78O6
    4,10,17,23,30,36-hexa-tert-butyl-7,13,20,26,33,39-hexahydroxy[1.0.1.0.1.0]metacyclophane
    —— (E)-2-hydroxybenzoic aldehyde mercaptoacetylhydrazone 1240303-09-6 C9H10N2O2S
    (E)-2-hydroxybenzoic aldehyde mercaptoacetylhydrazone
    —— 2-(1-cyclopentenyl)-4,5-difluorophenol 1433907-14-2 C11H10F2O
    2-(1-cyclopentenyl)-4,5-difluorophenol
    —— 2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-4-methylphenol 91703-60-5 C9H8Cl2O
    2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— Zn(II){4-(4-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+) 102695-72-7 C24H22N6O4Zn
    Zn(II){4-(4-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+)
    —— 4-fluoro-2-(5-methoxypent-4-enyl)phenol 1448774-96-6 C12H15FO2
    4-fluoro-2-(5-methoxypent-4-enyl)phenol
    —— 6-Hydroxy-2-oxo-5-hexyl-1,3-benzoxathiol 106299-12-1 C13H16O3S
    6-Hydroxy-2-oxo-5-hexyl-1,3-benzoxathiol
    —— Resorcin[4]arene 132639-91-9 C32H32O8
    Resorcin[4]arene
    —— 12-(5-{2-[3,4-Dimethoxy-5-(11-methoxycarbonyl-undecyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-dodecanoic acid methyl ester 40060-19-3 C44H70O8
    12-(5-{2-[3,4-Dimethoxy-5-(11-methoxycarbonyl-undecyl)-phenyl]-ethyl}-2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-dodecanoic acid methyl ester
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191247-02-5 C15H10Br2N4O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 6-[(Benzylamino)methylidene]-3,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 917567-19-2 C16H17NO3
    6-[(Benzylamino)methylidene]-3,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (4-methoxyphenethoxy)methyl 4-methoxyphenethyl carbonate 1262208-15-0 C20H24O6
    (4-methoxyphenethoxy)methyl 4-methoxyphenethyl carbonate
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4-cyclooctyloxy-phenol 1225-77-0 C14H16Cl4O2
    2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4-cyclooctyloxy-phenol
    —— 4-(2-Chloro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 4973-19-7 C9H11ClO3
    4-(2-Chloro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-(hydroxyimino)propanamide 1314789-09-7 C17H27BrN2O4Si
    (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-(hydroxyimino)propanamide
    —— (E)-2-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol 1309658-75-0 C17H19NO
    (E)-2-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— H2cd4OHsalpd 1239496-51-5 C17H22N2O2S2
    H2cd4OHsalpd
    —— 2-(4-benzyl-6-phenyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-phenol 5250-37-3 C22H17N3O
    2-(4-benzyl-6-phenyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— Co((CH2)5CNNHC(O)C6H5OH-o)2(NO3)2 58466-60-7 C26H32CoN6O10
    Co((CH2)5CNNHC(O)C6H5OH-o)2(NO3)2
    —— 1-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, hydrochloride 54767-86-1 C12H19NO4*ClH
    1-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, hydrochloride
    —— N,N'-Di-<2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl>-2,5-diketopiperazin 93880-31-0 C18H18N2O6
    N,N'-Di-<2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl>-2,5-diketopiperazin
    —— 3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]5-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole 1158558-35-0 C18H19NO2
    3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]5-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole
    —— 5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-2,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 77476-62-1 C16H17NO3
    5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-2,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid 2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 477848-20-7 C15H11BrCl2N2O3
    2,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid 2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— 3-Aethyl-1-phenyl-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin 93648-82-9 C17H18N2O
    3-Aethyl-1-phenyl-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin
    —— 102695-76-1 C24H20N6O4Zn
    —— (1R,6R)-8-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7,9-dimethyl-7,9-diaza-8-phosphabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane 8-oxide 211242-47-6 C14H21N2O2P
    (1R,6R)-8-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7,9-dimethyl-7,9-diaza-8-phosphabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane 8-oxide
    —— 68370-93-4 C29H24N4O6
    —— cis-V-[Ni2(N,N'-p-xylylenebis(tetraazacyclen))(ClO4)4]*EtOH 845254-62-8 C2H6O*C24H46Cl4N8Ni2O16
    cis-V-[Ni2(N,N'-p-xylylenebis(tetraazacyclen))(ClO4)4]*EtOH
    —— 1-(2'-Brom-4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzyl)-2-carbomethoxy-6-keto-Δ<sup>4a,5</sup>-decahydroisochinolin 54186-37-7 C19H22BrNO5
    1-(2'-Brom-4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzyl)-2-carbomethoxy-6-keto-Δ<sup>4a,5</sup>-decahydroisochinolin
    —— 1,4-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,5-di(o-hydroxyphenyl)amino-1,4-cyclohexadiene 76798-84-0 C24H26N2O6
    1,4-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,5-di(o-hydroxyphenyl)amino-1,4-cyclohexadiene
    —— 2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenyl]methylideneamino]-5-methylphenol 1372762-89-4 C22H20N2O2
    2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenyl]methylideneamino]-5-methylphenol