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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(4-[4-(1,1-Diallyl-but-3-enyl)-phenoxy]-1,1-bis-{3-[4-(1,1-diallyl-but-3-enyl)-phenoxy]-propyl}-butyl)-phenol 224191-95-1 C64H80O4
    4-(4-[4-(1,1-Diallyl-but-3-enyl)-phenoxy]-1,1-bis-{3-[4-(1,1-diallyl-but-3-enyl)-phenoxy]-propyl}-butyl)-phenol
    —— 1-(5-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyridin-3-yloxy)ethanol 132687-61-7 C14H15NO4
    1-(5-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyridin-3-yloxy)ethanol
    —— 4-Methyl-2.6-dicyclopentenyl-phenol 17960-08-6 C17H20O
    4-Methyl-2.6-dicyclopentenyl-phenol
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-fluorobenzyl) oxime 1377291-36-5 C14H11ClFNO2
    5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-fluorobenzyl) oxime
    —— 1-p-chlorophenyl-3-p-tolyl-5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazoline 76455-67-9 C23H21ClN2O2
    1-p-chlorophenyl-3-p-tolyl-5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazoline
    —— 2-chloro-3-iodo-4-methoxyphenol 1600530-32-2 C7H6ClIO2
    2-chloro-3-iodo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 1067559-58-3 C14H12O3S
    (E)-1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— [4-(3-acetylamino-4-hydroxy-anilino)-3-nitro-phenyl]-arsonic acid 860236-17-5 C14H14AsN3O7
    [4-(3-acetylamino-4-hydroxy-anilino)-3-nitro-phenyl]-arsonic acid
    —— (Z)-2-(2-Chloro-3,6-dihydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-ethylamino-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester 129247-34-3 C15H20ClNO4
    (Z)-2-(2-Chloro-3,6-dihydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-ethylamino-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1417182-99-0 C15H15NO3*ClH
    —— 1390619-63-2 C12H17NO2
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4'-brom-thiobenzanilid 33672-31-0 C13H10BrNOS
    3-Hydroxy-4'-brom-thiobenzanilid
    —— 2-(1-Diethylaminomethyl-propyl)-benzene-1,4-diol; hydrochloride 3712-04-7 C14H23NO2*ClH
    2-(1-Diethylaminomethyl-propyl)-benzene-1,4-diol; hydrochloride
    —— [5-(5-Nitro-furan-2-yl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl]-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 135264-50-5 C16H13N5O7S
    [5-(5-Nitro-furan-2-yl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl]-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 3-<2-Chlor-3-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carbonsaeure 4414-55-5 C11H8ClNO4
    3-<2-Chlor-3-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carbonsaeure
    —— Phenol--dichlorotungsten (4/1) 35427-21-5 C24H24Cl2O4W
    Phenol--dichlorotungsten (4/1)
    —— (S)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 1241680-07-8 C10H15NO3
    (S)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 3,3'-dichloro-5,5',α,α'-tetramethyl-bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediamine 943129-06-4 C20H22Cl2N2O2
    3,3'-dichloro-5,5',α,α'-tetramethyl-bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediamine
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(triisopropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230388-77-8 C19H34OSSi
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(triisopropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-((2-(thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)amino)thiazolidin-4-one 1330187-78-4 C14H16N4O2S2
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-((2-(thiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl)amino)thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N,N'-bis(3-ethylsalicylidene)-1,2-ethylenediamine 853308-34-6 C20H24N2O2
    N,N'-bis(3-ethylsalicylidene)-1,2-ethylenediamine
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-cyclohexanon 32345-11-2 C12H13NO4
    2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-cyclohexanon
    —— N-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)iminobutanamide 1388656-64-1 C17H14N6O4S
    N-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)iminobutanamide
    —— N'~1~,N'~10~-bis[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]decanedihydrazide 123372-67-8 C24H30N4O4
    N'~1~,N'~10~-bis[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]decanedihydrazide
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(4-aminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230388-65-4 C18H25NOSSi
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(4-aminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 2-(1-(2-(ethylamino)ethylimino)ethyl)phenol 1389251-16-4 C12H18N2O
    2-(1-(2-(ethylamino)ethylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5-ol 1002299-69-5 C10H8F3NO3
    3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5-ol
    —— 95267-01-9 C24H18N4O4S2Zn
    —— 5-Thiazolecarboxylic acid, 2-amino-4-methyl-, 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 292170-13-9 C13H14N4O3S
    5-Thiazolecarboxylic acid, 2-amino-4-methyl-, 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— 3-cyclohexyl-4-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 488135-41-7 C16H20N4O2S
    3-cyclohexyl-4-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)phenol 1034518-88-1 C11H15BrO2
    4-Bromo-2-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)phenol
    —— 2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-3-((E)-2-methyl-penta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol 109034-98-2 C15H19BrO3
    2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-3-((E)-2-methyl-penta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol
    —— 5-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol 600134-55-2 C10H11NOS
    5-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol
    —— ethyl 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butyrate 82156-67-0 C13H17BrO4
    ethyl 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butyrate
    —— 2-Benzylaminomethyl-hydrochinon 92248-12-9 C14H15NO2
    2-Benzylaminomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-nitro-brenzcatechin 13247-29-5 C8H9NO4
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-nitro-brenzcatechin
    —— ethyl <2,7-13C-2-hydroxy-7-oxo,18O>-2,4-dihydroxy-3,5,6-trimethylbenzoate 103411-59-2 C12H16O4
    ethyl <2,7-13C-2-hydroxy-7-oxo,18O>-2,4-dihydroxy-3,5,6-trimethylbenzoate
    —— bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-disulfide 101788-32-3 C18H22O6S2
    bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-disulfide
    —— 5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-[3-[3-(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propanoyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-3-one 1022144-36-0 C23H19F2N5O4
    5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-[3-[3-(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propanoyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-3-one
    —— 2-amino-4,6-dibromo-3-fluoro-phenol 344-11-6 C6H4Br2FNO
    2-amino-4,6-dibromo-3-fluoro-phenol
    —— 1-hexadecyl-3-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 7399-42-0 C24H40N4O3S
    1-hexadecyl-3-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— methyl(4-(2-((methyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)phenoxy)diphenylsilane 1044264-43-8 C34H34O2Si2
    methyl(4-(2-((methyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)phenoxy)diphenylsilane
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 2-hydroxymethyl-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl ester 881672-52-2 C15H22O4
    2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 2-hydroxymethyl-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl ester
    —— 4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1261891-32-0 C13H14O2S
    4-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Methyl-2-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyliminomethyl]-6-triphenylsilylphenol 1427318-98-6 C36H35NOSi
    4-Methyl-2-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyliminomethyl]-6-triphenylsilylphenol
    —— N'-((2-benzylidenehydrazineyl)(imino)methyl)benzothiohydrazide compound with picric acid (1:1) 78968-46-4 C6H3N3O7*C15H15N5S
    N'-((2-benzylidenehydrazineyl)(imino)methyl)benzothiohydrazide compound with picric acid (1:1)
    —— <i>N</i>-(2-ethoxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamidine 65739-62-0 C11H16N2O2
    <i>N</i>-(2-ethoxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamidine
    —— 4-Amino-5-iod-2-nitro-phenol 13550-74-8 C6H5IN2O3
    4-Amino-5-iod-2-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-(4-Chlor-phenyl)-1-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-thiosemicarbazid 19152-34-2 C14H11Cl2N3OS
    4-(4-Chlor-phenyl)-1-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-thiosemicarbazid
    —— 3-Brom-4-methoxy-1-<2-(3-brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-aethylcarbamoylmethyl>-benzol 14140-85-3 C18H19Br2NO4
    3-Brom-4-methoxy-1-<2-(3-brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-aethylcarbamoylmethyl>-benzol