摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-oxazolin 33191-12-7 C16H15NO2
    2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-oxazolin
    —— 4-[2-[6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyridin-2-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol 742108-75-4 C23H25NO4
    4-[2-[6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyridin-2-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-t-butyl-3-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-propene 172024-88-3 C20H34O3Si
    2-t-butyl-3-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-propene
    —— S-Isopropyl-N,S-diphenyl-sulfimid-Pikrat 103375-73-1 C6H3N3O7*C15H17NS
    S-Isopropyl-N,S-diphenyl-sulfimid-Pikrat
    —— 1,3-Diphenyl-2-<2-methoxy-phenyl>-isothioharnstoff 13661-01-3 C20H18N2OS
    1,3-Diphenyl-2-<2-methoxy-phenyl>-isothioharnstoff
    —— 15,35,55,75-tetrabromo-2,4,6,8-tetra(dec-9-en-1-yl)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol 932396-80-0 C68H92Br4O8
    15,35,55,75-tetrabromo-2,4,6,8-tetra(dec-9-en-1-yl)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol
    —— (S)-(+)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid methoxycarbonyl methylester 164210-39-3 C12H14O5
    (S)-(+)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid methoxycarbonyl methylester
    —— H2tbhsNO2 109874-24-0 C14H11N3O3S
    H2tbhsNO2
    —— 2-[[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]iminomethyl]phenol 697765-01-8 C10H13NO2
    2-[[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— (3-Methylcyclohexyl) 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]azetidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-55-4 C20H28N2O5
    (3-Methylcyclohexyl) 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]azetidine-1-carboxylate
    —— (+/-)-4-fluoro-13-hydroxy-[2.2]paracyclophane 1394252-95-9 C16H15FO
    (+/-)-4-fluoro-13-hydroxy-[2.2]paracyclophane
    —— Y(II) texaphyrin complex radical anion 221239-30-1 C48H66N5O10Y
    Y(II) texaphyrin complex radical anion
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-Δ2-isoxazoline 29976-88-3 C17H17NO3
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-Δ2-isoxazoline
    —— 2,5,6-Trichlor-3,4-xylenol 55776-52-8 C8H7Cl3O
    2,5,6-Trichlor-3,4-xylenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde-(<i>S</i>-methyl-iso thiosemicarbazone) 110274-78-7 C9H11N3OS
    3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde-(<i>S</i>-methyl-iso thiosemicarbazone)
    —— (R)-2-(2-fluoro-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)phenol 1452898-23-5 C11H13FO
    (R)-2-(2-fluoro-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 5-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 1024606-69-6 C19H21N3O3
    5-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one
    —— (R)-4-(3-bromobutyl)phenol 690244-70-3 C10H13BrO
    (R)-4-(3-bromobutyl)phenol
    —— (S)-2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-pentane-1,5-diol 213913-75-8 C12H18O3
    (S)-2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-pentane-1,5-diol
    —— <1,3,5-<sup>13</sup>C(3)>Hydrochinon 88891-53-6 C6H6O2
    <1,3,5-<sup>13</sup>C(3)>Hydrochinon
    —— 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1287795-55-4 C20H13Br2N3O2S
    4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— (Et3NH)[Eu(2,2',2''-(10-((6-carboxypyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid(-4H))] 1283597-92-1 C6H16N*C21H27EuN5O8
    (Et3NH)[Eu(2,2',2''-(10-((6-carboxypyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid(-4H))]
    —— 3-But-3-ynyl-4-methylphenol 1310682-19-9 C11H12O
    3-But-3-ynyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 3,3-Dichlor-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propen-(2)-on-(1) 91329-58-7 C10H8Cl2O2
    3,3-Dichlor-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propen-(2)-on-(1)
    —— 1-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)hexanon-2 34489-45-7 C12H16O3
    1-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)hexanon-2
    —— 5-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-phenethyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole 1036384-93-6 C18H18FNO2
    5-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-phenethyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
    —— (S)-2-(1-(diethylamino)allyl)phenol 1454789-93-5 C13H19NO
    (S)-2-(1-(diethylamino)allyl)phenol
    —— 3,5-dibromo-2-chloro-hydroquinone 857812-54-5 C6H3Br2ClO2
    3,5-dibromo-2-chloro-hydroquinone
    —— 3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N'-[(1E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene]propanehydrazide 518019-33-5 C18H19N5O3
    3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N'-[(1E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene]propanehydrazide
    —— 4-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-2-methyl-phenol 109250-79-5 C17H26O
    4-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-(4-bromo-benzenesulfonyl)-benzoic acid vanillylidenehydrazide 102468-76-8 C21H17BrN2O5S
    4-(4-bromo-benzenesulfonyl)-benzoic acid vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— 2-allyl-6-bromo-3-fluorophenol 852111-48-9 C9H8BrFO
    2-allyl-6-bromo-3-fluorophenol
    —— 6-(2-allyl-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one 56872-14-1 C13H14N2O2
    6-(2-allyl-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 4-<5-Aethylmercaptomethyl-2-thenylidenamino>-phenol 92906-91-7 C14H15NOS2
    4-<5-Aethylmercaptomethyl-2-thenylidenamino>-phenol
    —— 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylguanidine hydrochloride 57004-89-4 C8H11N3O2*ClH
    1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methylguanidine hydrochloride
    —— 3-Nitro-4-hydroxy-ω-furfuryliden-acetophenon 16863-35-7 C13H9NO5
    3-Nitro-4-hydroxy-ω-furfuryliden-acetophenon
    —— thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-benzylidenehydrazone) 112951-00-5 C11H11N3O3S
    thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-benzylidenehydrazone)
    —— 1,4,7,9-tetrachloro-6,8-dinitro-phenothiazin-3-ol 100130-82-3 C12H3Cl4N3O5S
    1,4,7,9-tetrachloro-6,8-dinitro-phenothiazin-3-ol
    —— 3-{[4-({Acetyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amino}-methyl)-phenyl]-dimethyl-silanyl}-propionic acid methyl ester 195454-15-0 C23H31NO4Si
    3-{[4-({Acetyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amino}-methyl)-phenyl]-dimethyl-silanyl}-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 918960-57-3 C18H18O3
    —— 177351-07-4 C20H23NO7
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine 118207-08-2 C16H13N3O
    3-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine
    —— 1158814-51-7 C55H69O5*K
    —— 854824-21-8 C13H18O5
    —— 5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde 1001010-52-1 C11H7ClO3
    5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 2-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methyl-N-ethylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 1230388-68-7 C22H33NO2Si
    2-t-butyl-4-[(4-N-methyl-N-ethylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— cis-4b,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5H-benzo<3,4>cyclobuta<1,2>cyclohepten-2-ol 89638-82-4 C13H16O
    cis-4b,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5H-benzo<3,4>cyclobuta<1,2>cyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)-1,3,5-oxadiazole-2-thione 81963-76-0 C8H4Br2N2O2S
    5-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)-1,3,5-oxadiazole-2-thione
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1025447-90-8 C11H10N4O2S
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 6-[2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-1-hydroxypropyl]-5-chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol 113524-13-3 C13H22ClN2O5P
    6-[2-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-1-hydroxypropyl]-5-chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol