摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-bromo-2-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 304003-94-9 C9H6BrN3OS2
    4-bromo-2-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one 1226980-81-9 C12H12O2
    2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-1,2-benzenediol 1394953-81-1 C7H7FO3
    3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-1,2-benzenediol
    —— 1459803-41-8 BrH*C19H23N3O3S
    —— N-(p-Nitrosalicyliden)-dehydrovalin-methylester 62125-75-1 C13H14N2O5
    N-(p-Nitrosalicyliden)-dehydrovalin-methylester
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone 1415358-84-7 C16H17N3O3S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone
    —— 4-(1-Butylheptyl)-phenol 17508-62-2 C17H28O
    4-(1-Butylheptyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(((2-((1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)phenyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1265833-50-8 C22H20N2O3
    2-(((2-((1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)phenyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (1,1,1-tris[(3-methoxysalicylideneamino)methyl]ethane) 1327160-50-8 C29H33N3O6
    (1,1,1-tris[(3-methoxysalicylideneamino)methyl]ethane)
    —— 2-Nitro-6-(1-methylbut-2-enyl)-phenol 27125-84-4 C11H13NO3
    2-Nitro-6-(1-methylbut-2-enyl)-phenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-(4-benzoylamino-thiosemicarbazon) 13737-50-3 C16H16N4O3S
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-(4-benzoylamino-thiosemicarbazon)
    —— (5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-furan-2-yl-methanone oxime 97034-87-2 C11H8BrNO3
    (5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-furan-2-yl-methanone oxime
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-bromacetanilid 53527-08-5 C9H10BrNO3
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-bromacetanilid
    —— (5-Bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(3-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl)-methanone O-tert-butyl-oxime 162267-73-4 C16H16BrFN2O3
    (5-Bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-(3-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl)-methanone O-tert-butyl-oxime
    —— Methyl-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-p-tolyl-sulfonium 46795-61-3 C14H15O2S
    Methyl-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-p-tolyl-sulfonium
    —— 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-morpholine 99859-28-6 C11H12BrNO2S
    4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-morpholine
    —— 6-bromo-2-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-phenol 861576-54-7 C7H5BrClNO3
    6-bromo-2-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 1-(2-Methyl-butyl)-2-oxy-3-methoxy-benzol 15116-10-6 C12H18O2
    1-(2-Methyl-butyl)-2-oxy-3-methoxy-benzol
    —— (1S,11S,13S,15S)-11-Allyl-15-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-hydroxy-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one 313644-81-4 C24H36O5Si
    (1S,11S,13S,15S)-11-Allyl-15-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-hydroxy-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one
    —— 3-Brom-4-hydroxy-1-<2-(3-brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylcarbamoylmethyl>-benzol 14140-82-0 C17H17Br2NO4
    3-Brom-4-hydroxy-1-<2-(3-brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylcarbamoylmethyl>-benzol
    —— 2.4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-p-tolyl-thiosemicarbazon 18965-16-7 C20H25N3O2S
    2.4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-4-p-tolyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— 2-cyano-5-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid benzylamide 878795-47-2 C19H16N2O3
    2-cyano-5-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2E,4E-dienoic acid benzylamide
    —— 5-(1-hexylcyclohexyl)resorcinol 951039-76-2 C18H28O2
    5-(1-hexylcyclohexyl)resorcinol
    —— 5-(1-heptylcyclopentyl)resorcinol 951039-79-5 C18H28O2
    5-(1-heptylcyclopentyl)resorcinol
    —— 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-phenol 889939-21-3 C6H5BrFNO
    2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-phenol
    —— 5-methoxy-4'-bromo-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1613027-03-4 C17H17BrN2O5
    5-methoxy-4'-bromo-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— 2-[(Z)-2,5-Dichloro-phenylimino]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one 18101-17-2 C17H12Cl2N2O3S
    2-[(Z)-2,5-Dichloro-phenylimino]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-methylbicyclo[8.2.2]tetradeca-1(13),5,10(14),11-tetraene-11,13-diol 78740-07-5 C15H20O2
    (5E)-5-methylbicyclo[8.2.2]tetradeca-1(13),5,10(14),11-tetraene-11,13-diol
    —— 4-(Hydroxy-piperidin-2-yl-methyl)-2-methanesulfonylmethyl-phenol 108930-09-2 C14H21NO4S
    4-(Hydroxy-piperidin-2-yl-methyl)-2-methanesulfonylmethyl-phenol
    —— 2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 351457-33-5 C13H19BO3
    2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5-bromo-3,3',5'-trinitro-biphenyl-2,2'-diol 107192-04-1 C12H6BrN3O8
    5-bromo-3,3',5'-trinitro-biphenyl-2,2'-diol
    —— N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline 916849-84-8 C13H4Br2F5NO
    N-(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzimidamide 851382-94-0 C7H7BrN2O
    5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzimidamide
    —— dimethyl 2-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzyl]malonate 478929-71-4 C15H20O6
    dimethyl 2-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzyl]malonate
    —— Flm 5011 50652-76-1 C19H31NO2
    Flm 5011
    —— 4-bromo-2-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methylene]amino]-5-fluorophenol 1016235-21-4 C13H7BrF3NO
    4-bromo-2-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methylene]amino]-5-fluorophenol
    —— 4-(Di-prop-2-ynyl-amino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 23478-21-9 C14H15NO
    4-(Di-prop-2-ynyl-amino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— N-2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-N′-hydroxyguanidine hydrochloride 1443827-19-7 C9H13N3O2*ClH
    N-2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-N′-hydroxyguanidine hydrochloride
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline 1062213-56-2 C10H11NO2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazoline
    —— 4-hydroxy-(Z)-N-[2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl]formamidine 849204-91-7 C11H9N5O
    4-hydroxy-(Z)-N-[2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl]formamidine
    —— 1361117-97-6 C17H24Br2O2Si
    —— 5,6-dihydroxy-2-o-hydroxyphenyl-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-one 28669-14-9 C9H8N2O3
    5,6-dihydroxy-2-o-hydroxyphenyl-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-one
    —— 2-(2-dichloromethylene-cyclohexyl)-4-methyl-phenol 103155-58-4 C14H16Cl2O
    2-(2-dichloromethylene-cyclohexyl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 1417183-01-7 C16H17NO3*ClH
    —— 2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-[(Z)-C-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]carbonimidoyl]benzonitrile 162268-33-9 C17H16BrN3O3
    2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-[(Z)-C-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]carbonimidoyl]benzonitrile
    —— 1248662-07-8 C22H20N2O3
    —— ethyl 4,5-dihydro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxylate 165532-43-4 C12H13NO4
    ethyl 4,5-dihydro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)pentanol 399535-21-8 C12H18O2
    (4S)-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)pentanol
    —— 1-[5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone 716305-03-2 C20H19N3O3
    1-[5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— 1237132-96-5 C46H62O4