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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-<sup>14</sup>C)-propanol-(1) 15212-11-0 C10H14O3
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-<sup>14</sup>C)-propanol-(1)
    —— 1260754-93-5 C17H14ClN3O5S2
    —— acetoxymethyl 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl-acetate 607713-98-4 C11H11FO5
    acetoxymethyl 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl-acetate
    —— 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-3,5,6-tribromobenzene-1,2-diol hydrobromide 884340-66-3 BrH*C8H8Br3NO2
    4-(2-Aminoethyl)-3,5,6-tribromobenzene-1,2-diol hydrobromide
    —— p-Hydroxybenzyliden-benzimidino-benzamidin 10573-39-4 C21H17N3O
    p-Hydroxybenzyliden-benzimidino-benzamidin
    —— 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-(3-chlor-5-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-pyrazolon-(5) 18921-91-0 C16H12ClN5O4
    1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-(3-chlor-5-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenylhydrazono)-pyrazolon-(5)
    —— Orcilaldehyd 4-allylthiosemicarbazon 19851-17-3 C12H15N3O2S
    Orcilaldehyd 4-allylthiosemicarbazon
    —— Atranol 4-methyl-thiosemicarbazon 19861-17-7 C10H13N3O2S
    Atranol 4-methyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— N-[6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide 1192831-35-8 C16H14N2O3S
    N-[6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetamide
    —— 2-[(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-hydrazono]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one 18101-31-0 C17H13Cl2N3O3S
    2-[(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-hydrazono]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-bromo-5-cyclopropyl-phenol 770718-91-7 C9H9BrO
    3-bromo-5-cyclopropyl-phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-ethylphenyl)-4-(2-benzofuryl)isoxazole 75960-87-1 C20H17NO4
    3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-ethylphenyl)-4-(2-benzofuryl)isoxazole
    —— 3-propyl-4-o-hydroxybenzylidenamino-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one 137182-49-1 C12H14N4O2
    3-propyl-4-o-hydroxybenzylidenamino-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one
    —— potassium 2-(salicylideneimino)ethylsulfonate 92875-74-6 C9H10NO4S*K
    potassium 2-(salicylideneimino)ethylsulfonate
    —— 6-Cyclopentyl-4-hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(phenyl-propyl-amino)-5, 6-dihydro-pyran-2-one 491826-54-1 C27H33NO4
    6-Cyclopentyl-4-hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-(phenyl-propyl-amino)-5, 6-dihydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-selanediyl-di-phenol 859820-99-8 C14H14O2Se
    2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-selanediyl-di-phenol
    —— 4-(1-hydrazineylideneoctyl)phenol 1089700-47-9 C14H22N2O
    4-(1-hydrazineylideneoctyl)phenol
    —— 2,5-dibutyl-4-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]phenol 1230389-62-4 C19H34OSi
    2,5-dibutyl-4-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]phenol
    —— (3R,4S)-3-Phenyl-2-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-1-ene-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid 75373-49-8 C6H3N3O7*C18H23NO2
    (3R,4S)-3-Phenyl-2-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-1-ene-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; compound with picric acid
    —— (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)benzoxazole 179122-15-7 C16H13NO3
    (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)benzoxazole
    —— silver(I) 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate 123711-60-4 C14H10Ag2O8
    silver(I) 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate
    —— 4-bromo-2-(1-bromo-3-methylbutyl)phenol 1034519-03-3 C11H14Br2O
    4-bromo-2-(1-bromo-3-methylbutyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3-Ethanesulfinyl-propyl)-phenol 17733-61-8 C11H16O2S
    2-(3-Ethanesulfinyl-propyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-3,5-dion 22962-17-0 C9H8N2O4
    2-(m-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-3,5-dion
    —— N-Methyl-acetimidsaeure-methylester-pikrat 3619-35-0 C4H9NO*C6H3N3O7
    N-Methyl-acetimidsaeure-methylester-pikrat
    —— 3-[[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]methyl]piperidine 883540-42-9 C15H23NO2
    3-[[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]methyl]piperidine
    —— 5-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol; deprotonated form 20217-25-8 C7H7O2
    5-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol; deprotonated form
    —— 2-(1,1-Dimethylprop-2-enyl)-6-nitrophenol 17258-53-6 C11H13NO3
    2-(1,1-Dimethylprop-2-enyl)-6-nitrophenol
    —— 3-<2-Chlor-3-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carbonylchlorid 4414-61-3 C11H7Cl2NO3
    3-<2-Chlor-3-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-carbonylchlorid
    —— Phenol, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-[(3-methylbutane)oxy]- 1099470-15-1 C15H24O2
    Phenol, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-[(3-methylbutane)oxy]-
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-19-1 C19H27NOSSi
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 3-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1421504-79-1 C15H13NO3
    3-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2,5-di-methyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-07-7 C17H22OSSi
    2,5-di-methyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 2-p-Chlorphenyl-3-hydroxy-6-phenylazo-pyridin 33176-08-8 C17H12ClN3O
    2-p-Chlorphenyl-3-hydroxy-6-phenylazo-pyridin
    —— 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea 324062-42-2 C18H23N3O2
    1-(1-adamantyl)-3-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea
    —— 4-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 500275-78-5 C17H16N4O3S
    4-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 2-Methyl-4-(neopentylamino)phenol 1378755-92-0 C12H19NO
    2-Methyl-4-(neopentylamino)phenol
    —— 4,4'-[6-(4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-phenyl)-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl]-bis-benzene-1,3-diol 1439-98-1 C25H23N3O4
    4,4'-[6-(4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-phenyl)-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl]-bis-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— p-Hydroxydithiobenzoesaeure 6147-87-1 C7H6OS2
    p-Hydroxydithiobenzoesaeure
    —— [(1E,7E,13E,19E)-8,13,20-tris(hydroxymethyl)cyclotetracosa-1,7,13,19-tetraen-3,5,9,11,15,17,21,23-octayn-1-yl]methanol 1226497-56-8 C28H16O4
    [(1E,7E,13E,19E)-8,13,20-tris(hydroxymethyl)cyclotetracosa-1,7,13,19-tetraen-3,5,9,11,15,17,21,23-octayn-1-yl]methanol
    —— (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)4-chlorophenol 1429629-02-6 C9H8ClN3O
    (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)4-chlorophenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-N'-[(2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenylimino-methyl]-benzamidine 754167-85-6 C28H32N4O
    N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-N'-[(2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-phenylimino-methyl]-benzamidine
    —— cyclotricatechylene-2-propanol 75247-94-8 2C3H8O*C21H18O6
    cyclotricatechylene-2-propanol
    —— I(2)-Alanine, N-[cyano(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-propyl-, ethyl ester 1781491-42-6 C16H22N2O3
    I(2)-Alanine, N-[cyano(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N-propyl-, ethyl ester
    —— (R)-2-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenylamino)-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride 1334386-22-9 C10H9FN2O3S*ClH
    (R)-2-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenylamino)-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
    —— 2-chloro-6-iodo-4-nitrophenol 1007383-07-4 C6H3ClINO3
    2-chloro-6-iodo-4-nitrophenol
    —— N-[2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-ethylcyclopropanecarboxamide 1415042-64-6 C16H21NO3
    N-[2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-ethylcyclopropanecarboxamide
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (E)-O-(1,1-dioxo-1H-1λ6-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)-oxime 26994-74-1 C15H12N2O5S
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (E)-O-(1,1-dioxo-1H-1λ6-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)-oxime
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-chlorobenzyl) oxime 1377291-40-1 C14H11BrClNO2
    5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-chlorobenzyl) oxime
    —— N-Chloracetyl-3-hydroxy-benzylamin 53389-73-4 C9H10ClNO2
    N-Chloracetyl-3-hydroxy-benzylamin