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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyphenyl)-3-(1-indol-3-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one 33268-84-7 C18H15NO3
    1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyphenyl)-3-(1-indol-3-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5,6-dimethyl-3-(triisopropylsiloxy)phenol 1006058-00-9 C23H44O2Si2
    2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5,6-dimethyl-3-(triisopropylsiloxy)phenol
    —— O,O-Di-isobutyl-1-(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butenylphosphonat 40468-45-9 C18H28BrO5P
    O,O-Di-isobutyl-1-(5-brom-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butenylphosphonat
    —— (E,Z)-cyano-{3-ethyl-5-[(E,Z)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenylamino)-methylene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}-acetic acid ethyl ester 851646-14-5 C18H19N3O4S
    (E,Z)-cyano-{3-ethyl-5-[(E,Z)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenylamino)-methylene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-thiocyanatobenzene-1,4-diol 1174416-06-8 C7H5NO2S
    2-thiocyanatobenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4,6-dione 39696-05-4 C17H14N2O3
    2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4,6-dione
    —— 2-<3.5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzylmercapto>-ethylphosphonsaeure-diethylester 34446-22-5 C15H25O4PS
    2-<3.5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzylmercapto>-ethylphosphonsaeure-diethylester
    —— 3.4-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-hexanon 25081-55-4 C27H30O7
    3.4-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-hexanon
    —— [(2S)-1-[acetyl(propan-2-yl)amino]-3-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]propan-2-yl] acetate 169613-97-2 C22H33NO5
    [(2S)-1-[acetyl(propan-2-yl)amino]-3-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]propan-2-yl] acetate
    —— N-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide 1612841-42-5 C14H18FNO2
    N-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-isopropylmethacrylamide
    —— methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)sulfanylpropanoate 114106-34-2 C15H20O6S
    methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)sulfanylpropanoate
    —— cis-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile 71750-10-2 C10H9NO2
    cis-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile
    —— 2-Chlor-4,5-dihydroxy-phenylessigsaeure-aethylester 17891-01-9 C10H11ClO4
    2-Chlor-4,5-dihydroxy-phenylessigsaeure-aethylester
    —— [(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid dipentyl ester 36971-45-6 C18H30BrO6P
    [(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid dipentyl ester
    —— 6-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-oxo-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 40189-00-2 C23H23NO8
    6-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-oxo-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(cyclohexyloxymethyl)-5-propionyl3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224683-78-6 C20H25ClN2O4
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(cyclohexyloxymethyl)-5-propionyl3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 2-(thiazol-2-ylazo)-p-cresol 198827-08-6 C10H9N3OS
    2-(thiazol-2-ylazo)-p-cresol
    —— 4-hydroxy-5,7-dinitrospiro[benzimidazole-2,1'-cyclohexane] 1-oxide 1459727-88-8 C12H12N4O6
    4-hydroxy-5,7-dinitrospiro[benzimidazole-2,1'-cyclohexane] 1-oxide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-((Z)-2-chloro-2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol 117672-18-1 C8H5Cl2NO3
    4-Chloro-2-((Z)-2-chloro-2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide 479513-53-6 C14H13N3O2S
    2-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-[1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567849-31-3 C19H14BrN3O3S
    2-[1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— o-hydroxybenzoylacetone dioxime 53824-21-8 C10H12N2O3
    o-hydroxybenzoylacetone dioxime
    —— 4-(2-(4-methoxyphenylhydrazono))-1-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1456804-38-8 C21H18N8O5S
    4-(2-(4-methoxyphenylhydrazono))-1-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 115705-35-6 C10H14N4O2
    4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— meso-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane 1219834-96-4 C15H14N2O2
    meso-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane
    —— 3-(2'-fluoro-4'-chloro-5'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-isopropylidene-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione 110956-96-2 C12H9ClFNO4
    3-(2'-fluoro-4'-chloro-5'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-isopropylidene-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 27421-58-5 C13H20N4OS
    —— 5-Methoxy-4-nitroso-2-tert.-butyl-phenol 36150-67-1 C11H15NO3
    5-Methoxy-4-nitroso-2-tert.-butyl-phenol
    —— 6,8-di-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-5-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-7-O-methylsulfonyl-3-O-methylthiomethyl-α-D-threo-D-allooctofuranose-(1,4) 109748-38-1 C34H41N3O13S2
    6,8-di-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-5-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-7-O-methylsulfonyl-3-O-methylthiomethyl-α-D-threo-D-allooctofuranose-(1,4)
    —— 103375-94-6 C6H3N3O7*C11H16ClNS
    —— N'-[(1E)-(m-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]phosphorohydrazidic acid diisopropyl ester 1237507-92-4 C13H21N2O4P
    N'-[(1E)-(m-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]phosphorohydrazidic acid diisopropyl ester
    —— 1-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-pentan-2-one 71862-25-4 C13H18O3
    1-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-pentan-2-one
    —— Phenol, 2-[(1S)-1-amino-2-cyclopropylethyl]-3-bromo-6-fluoro- 1336746-48-5 C11H13BrFNO
    Phenol, 2-[(1S)-1-amino-2-cyclopropylethyl]-3-bromo-6-fluoro-
    —— dimethylsulfoniopropionate picrate 1303567-81-8 C5H10O2S*C6H3N3O7
    dimethylsulfoniopropionate picrate
    —— 3,4-dibromo-5-chloro-phenol 855839-00-8 C6H3Br2ClO
    3,4-dibromo-5-chloro-phenol
    —— 2-(3',4'-dihydroxy)benzyl-3-fluoroallylamine 85278-81-5 C10H12FNO2
    2-(3',4'-dihydroxy)benzyl-3-fluoroallylamine
    —— (E)-3-(5-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propenone 122183-21-5 C14H13ClN2O3
    (E)-3-(5-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propenone
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 1499931-23-5 C23H17NO7
    4-hydroxy-3-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— Ethyl-5-[2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-diallylphenyl]pent-2E,4E-dieneoate 103811-72-9 C19H22O4
    Ethyl-5-[2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-diallylphenyl]pent-2E,4E-dieneoate
    —— (+/-)-2-[7-(4-bromophenyl)-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methoxyphenol 1196202-98-8 C18H15BrN4O2
    (+/-)-2-[7-(4-bromophenyl)-4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-2-(5-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 130106-90-0 C14H15Br2N3OS
    2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-2-(5-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]guanidinium bromide 14279-98-2 BrH*C9H13N3O2
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]guanidinium bromide
    —— 26,28-dihydroxy-25,27-dimethoxy-5,17-bis(propyldimethylsilyl)calix[4]arene 1092456-23-9 C40H52O4Si2
    26,28-dihydroxy-25,27-dimethoxy-5,17-bis(propyldimethylsilyl)calix[4]arene
    —— 5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzenecarbothioamide 23238-76-8 C13H8Cl2N2O3S
    5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzenecarbothioamide
    —— 4-(5-Acetoxy-3-brom-4-methoxybenzyliden)-2-methyl-5-oxazolon 23354-31-6 C12H10BrNO4
    4-(5-Acetoxy-3-brom-4-methoxybenzyliden)-2-methyl-5-oxazolon
    —— 2-bromo-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-6-trimethylsilylphenol 1276113-35-9 C12H17BrO3Si
    2-bromo-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-6-trimethylsilylphenol
    —— 5-(4-amino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-benzyl-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thione 15313-80-1 C15H13N3O2S
    5-(4-amino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-benzyl-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thione
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4,6-dione 39696-04-3 C11H10N2O3
    2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4,6-dione
    —— cyclohexylmethyl 4-(3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1224683-34-4 C20H25ClN2O5
    cyclohexylmethyl 4-(3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-methylimidazolinium picrate 24690-70-8 C4H6N2*C6H3N3O7
    2-methylimidazolinium picrate