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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,4-Dimetoxy-6-tridecyl-phenol 5259-07-4 C21H36O3
    2,4-Dimetoxy-6-tridecyl-phenol
    —— 3-(2-ethylbutyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1372864-81-7 C17H21NO3S
    3-(2-ethylbutyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)vinylisocyanide 113093-49-5 C9H7NO2
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)vinylisocyanide
    —— 4-[4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)butyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol 15779-64-3 C20H26O2
    4-[4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)butyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-3-nitro-phenol 65235-30-5 C10H14N2O4
    2,6-dimethyl-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-3-nitro-phenol
    —— <4-(2-Pyridylmethyl)-phenyl>-phenyl-sulfon-pikrat 5361-53-5 C6H3N3O7*C18H15NO2S
    <4-(2-Pyridylmethyl)-phenyl>-phenyl-sulfon-pikrat
    —— 3.5-Dibrom-2'.4'.5'-trichlorthionosalicylsaeureanilid 19112-09-5 C13H6Br2Cl3NOS
    3.5-Dibrom-2'.4'.5'-trichlorthionosalicylsaeureanilid
    —— 2-(methyl-14-crown-4)phenol 106419-86-7 C18H28O5
    2-(methyl-14-crown-4)phenol
    —— (5S)-3-acetyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-one 139455-98-4 C19H19N3O3
    (5S)-3-acetyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-one
    —— carbamic acid 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-ylmethyl ester 1242298-84-5 C11H10N2O4
    carbamic acid 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-ylmethyl ester
    —— N'-(2-Chloro-4,5-dihydroxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 90875-65-3 C10H13ClN2O4
    N'-(2-Chloro-4,5-dihydroxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-((E)-pent-1-enyl)-phenol 19646-36-7 C12H16O2
    2-Methoxy-5-((E)-pent-1-enyl)-phenol
    —— 2-Amino-5-hydroxy-4-nitro-1-chlor-benzol 30716-56-4 C6H5ClN2O3
    2-Amino-5-hydroxy-4-nitro-1-chlor-benzol
    —— 1,3-Diisopropyl-2-o-tolyl-isourea; compound with picric acid 87931-20-2 C6H3N3O7*C14H22N2O
    1,3-Diisopropyl-2-o-tolyl-isourea; compound with picric acid
    —— 6-(2,5-Difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 1010800-87-9 C10H8F2N2O2
    6-(2,5-Difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 918802-17-2 C26H26N4O8
    —— 4-[4-(6-Methoxy-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-benzene-1,3-diol 99393-04-1 C17H13NO6
    4-[4-(6-Methoxy-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (half acid) thallous styphnate 157760-75-3 C6H2N3O8*Tl
    (half acid) thallous styphnate
    —— 4-tert-Butoxy-6-tert-butyl-benzene-1,3-diol 5008-12-8 C14H22O3
    4-tert-Butoxy-6-tert-butyl-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-(1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)morpholine-4-carbohydrazonothioic acid 1451409-39-4 C13H16ClN3O2S
    N-(1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)morpholine-4-carbohydrazonothioic acid
    —— N'-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide 873295-00-2 C12H10N2O3S
    N'-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-((Z)-2-methyl-7-triisopropylsilanyl-hept-2-en-6-ynyl)-benzaldehyde 403696-83-3 C25H38O3Si
    2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-((Z)-2-methyl-7-triisopropylsilanyl-hept-2-en-6-ynyl)-benzaldehyde
    —— 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 4-phenyl-S-methylthiosemicarbazone 76767-19-6 C15H15N3OS
    2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 4-phenyl-S-methylthiosemicarbazone
    —— tetrakis[5-oxo-5-((2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)amino)-2-oxapentyl]methane 1618645-06-9 C41H48N4O20
    tetrakis[5-oxo-5-((2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)amino)-2-oxapentyl]methane
    —— N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-(1,2-diselenolan-3-yl)pentanehydrazide 1456816-72-0 C15H20N2O2Se2
    N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-(1,2-diselenolan-3-yl)pentanehydrazide
    —— 6-Bromo-4-thiocyanato-o-cresol 17654-37-4 C8H6BrNOS
    6-Bromo-4-thiocyanato-o-cresol
    —— N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-iodophenylethylamine 171515-34-7 C10H9F3INO3
    N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-iodophenylethylamine
    —— 4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol 1224164-29-7 C20H16FNO4
    4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 2-(but-3-enyl)-4-methyl-6-hydroxymethylphenol 1415579-78-0 C12H16O2
    2-(but-3-enyl)-4-methyl-6-hydroxymethylphenol
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)iminomethyl]-4-methoxyphenol 329786-49-4 C16H17NO3
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)iminomethyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-1-<3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy>cycloheptane 86933-28-0 C19H31NO2
    1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-1-<3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy>cycloheptane
    —— 1273095-04-7 C19H26N2O6
    —— 4-(5-(6-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1246372-48-4 C18H14F3N5O2S
    4-(5-(6-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 141982-43-6 C6H4O2*C12H10O2S2
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpentan-3-one 1607446-80-9 C18H20O3
    4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpentan-3-one
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one 35350-80-2 C10H11NO2S
    2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoylcyanid 6520-91-8 C9H7NO3
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoylcyanid
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzal-methylhydrazin 90223-30-6 C8H9N3O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzal-methylhydrazin
    —— (4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-amine; compound with picric acid 34420-47-8 C6H3N3O7*C17H26N4O
    (4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-amine; compound with picric acid
    —— bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde)pyridine diimine 1394125-02-0 C19H15N3O4
    bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde)pyridine diimine
    —— 51084-65-2 C17H23Br2N3O3S
    —— (5E)-1-tert-butyl-5-(tert-butylimino)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one 1370031-29-0 C18H24N2O2
    (5E)-1-tert-butyl-5-(tert-butylimino)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one
    —— 2-methoxy-5-((E){[(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]imino}methyl)phenol 1311271-54-1 C14H15NO3
    2-methoxy-5-((E){[(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]imino}methyl)phenol
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-[(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one 1370332-31-2 C20H23NO4
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-[(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— (S)-4-((6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-4-yl)methyl)phenol 1429229-33-3 C15H18N2O
    (S)-4-((6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-4-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-hexadecan-4-one 194658-58-7 C22H36O2
    1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-hexadecan-4-one
    —— ((E)-2-Propenyl)-benzene-1,3-diol 14705-16-9 C9H10O2
    ((E)-2-Propenyl)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(1-Aminomethyl-1-propyl-butyl)-phenol 16254-63-0 C14H23NO
    4-(1-Aminomethyl-1-propyl-butyl)-phenol
    —— 2-bromo-4,6-dichloro-3-nitro-phenol 113512-51-9 C6H2BrCl2NO3
    2-bromo-4,6-dichloro-3-nitro-phenol
    —— (3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid 21354-71-2 C10H12O3
    (3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid