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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— tert-butyl {2-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylphenoxy]-1-methylethyl}carbamate 1237512-82-1 C16H25NO5
    tert-butyl {2-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylphenoxy]-1-methylethyl}carbamate
    —— Ni(HASc)2Cl2 140621-99-4 C18H22Cl2N6NiO4
    Ni(HASc)2Cl2
    —— 4-[(Z)-(4-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol;hydrobromide 16176-29-7 C16H20BrNO2
    4-[(Z)-(4-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol;hydrobromide
    —— 13936-84-0 C22H26F2N2O2
    —— 1-[3-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-diphenyl-3,3a,4,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazin-2-yl]-ethanone 82059-78-7 C24H21N5O2
    1-[3-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-diphenyl-3,3a,4,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazin-2-yl]-ethanone
    —— (S)-4-{2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propylamino]ethyl}phenoxymethyl-n-hexylphosphinic acid, n-butyl ester 177704-91-5 C28H44NO6P
    (S)-4-{2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propylamino]ethyl}phenoxymethyl-n-hexylphosphinic acid, n-butyl ester
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-N-methyl-acetamide 912948-23-3 C9H10N2O4
    2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-N-methyl-acetamide
    —— 2-(o-hydroxyphenyliminomethyl)pyridine N-oxide 173349-50-3 C12H10N2O2
    2-(o-hydroxyphenyliminomethyl)pyridine N-oxide
    —— 2-cyclopropyl-4-fluorophenol 1232774-27-4 C9H9FO
    2-cyclopropyl-4-fluorophenol
    —— 2-(Methanesulfonylmethyl)phenol 53380-29-3 C8H10O3S
    2-(Methanesulfonylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-Dibrom-5-chlor-vanillin, 2.6-Dibrom-5-chlor-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 90001-47-1 C8H5Br2ClO3
    2,6-Dibrom-5-chlor-vanillin, 2.6-Dibrom-5-chlor-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— N-[1-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide 1594129-58-4 C10H12FNO2
    N-[1-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 4-[1,1-Bis(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl]phenol 77503-08-3 C12H18OS2
    4-[1,1-Bis(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl]phenol
    —— gelsevanillidine 1160934-44-0 C27H28N2O5
    gelsevanillidine
    —— 2-Methyl-6-[[2,4,6-triethyl-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol 927894-95-9 C28H32N2O2
    2-Methyl-6-[[2,4,6-triethyl-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— Einecs 287-268-4 85455-34-1 C24H37CrN4O11S+
    Einecs 287-268-4
    —— 4-[5-ethyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-3-yl]phenol 132589-93-6 C18H16O3
    4-[5-ethyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-3-yl]phenol
    —— N-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylfuran-3-carboxamide 304906-07-8 C14H14N2O4
    N-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-methylfuran-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-(2,6-Dichloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 89894-48-4 C8H6Cl2O3
    2-(2,6-Dichloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— <i>N</i>-(5-bromo-thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide 74688-64-5 C10H6BrN3O4S
    <i>N</i>-(5-bromo-thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide
    —— 2-[(2-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-fluoro-3-methylphenol 103743-29-9 C12H12FNO2
    2-[(2-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-fluoro-3-methylphenol
    —— 182356-63-4 C12H11NO7
    —— 6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one 56924-62-0 C11H12N2O2
    6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 15,35,55,75-tetrakis((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol 1278534-08-9 C60H52N4O12
    15,35,55,75-tetrakis((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol
    —— 6-(3-Amino-1-ethyl-propyl)-3-(α-cyclopropyl-meta-aminobenzyl)-4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one 174485-12-2 C20H26N2O3
    6-(3-Amino-1-ethyl-propyl)-3-(α-cyclopropyl-meta-aminobenzyl)-4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenaethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-hydroxynaphthochinon-(1,4) 93878-69-4 C18H18O5
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenaethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-hydroxynaphthochinon-(1,4)
    —— 6-Heptadecyl-3-methoxy-2-methyl-phenol 856182-11-1 C25H44O2
    6-Heptadecyl-3-methoxy-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-((E)-2,6-Bis-benzyloxy-hex-4-enyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenol 143653-82-1 C28H32O5
    2-((E)-2,6-Bis-benzyloxy-hex-4-enyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-5H-isoxazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenol 1260673-03-7 C19H16N2O2
    2-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-5H-isoxazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline hydrochloride 24201-18-1 C9H9NO2*ClH
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline hydrochloride
    —— 5-[1-(6-bromohexyl)cyclopentyl]benzene-1,3-diol 941583-90-0 C17H25BrO2
    5-[1-(6-bromohexyl)cyclopentyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-[3-([(tert-butoxy)carbonyl](4-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}butyl)amino)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 350609-85-7 C26H43N3O6
    N-[3-([(tert-butoxy)carbonyl](4-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}butyl)amino)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 2-butyl-5,6-dimethylresorcinol 1006058-02-1 C12H18O2
    2-butyl-5,6-dimethylresorcinol
    —— 5-Isobutylamino-2-methyl-phenol 104179-06-8 C11H17NO
    5-Isobutylamino-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenol 91763-72-3 C12H18O
    2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenol
    —— 3-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-propionic acid ethyl ester 114114-05-5 C12H13Br2NO5
    3-(3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1-isopropylamino-3-(4-hydroxy-2-N-methylcarbamoylmethoxyphenoxy)-propan-2-ol 34920-15-5 C15H24N2O5
    1-isopropylamino-3-(4-hydroxy-2-N-methylcarbamoylmethoxyphenoxy)-propan-2-ol
    —— 2-{[azepan-1-yl(ethyl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol 746597-05-7 C16H26N2O2
    2-{[azepan-1-yl(ethyl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(1-furan-2-yl-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylphenol 1073131-79-9 C13H14O3
    4-(1-furan-2-yl-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylphenol
    —— (2,2'-Dihydroxy-benzil)-dibenzaldehyd-azin, Salicil-dibenzaldehyd-azin 102924-50-5 C28H22N4O2
    (2,2'-Dihydroxy-benzil)-dibenzaldehyd-azin, Salicil-dibenzaldehyd-azin
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-1,3-diaminobenzene 1030937-62-2 C22H20N2O4
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-1,3-diaminobenzene
    —— 2-Oxo-6-<4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin 105336-90-1 C12H16N2O2
    2-Oxo-6-<4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin
    —— 5-Chlor-6-brom-2-amino-vanillin 90050-44-5 C8H7BrClNO3
    5-Chlor-6-brom-2-amino-vanillin
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 4-(1(2)<i>H</i>-indazol-6-yl)-thiosemicarbazone 22497-26-3 C16H15N5O2S
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 4-(1(2)<i>H</i>-indazol-6-yl)-thiosemicarbazone
    —— (E,E)-2-thioacetaminocarbonyl-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystyryl)acrylonitrile 368836-84-4 C14H14N2O3S
    (E,E)-2-thioacetaminocarbonyl-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystyryl)acrylonitrile
    —— 4-(Hydroxyimino)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butanoic acid 178462-00-5 C11H13NO4
    4-(Hydroxyimino)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butanoic acid
    —— N-(3-bromo-5-methylsalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline 1000414-97-0 C25H22BrNO3
    N-(3-bromo-5-methylsalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline
    —— 5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-ethylheptylhydrazin 88564-90-3 C16H25N3O3
    5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-ethylheptylhydrazin
    —— 4-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3,5-bis((triethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol 1581719-41-6 C27H36ClNOSi2
    4-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3,5-bis((triethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(E)-(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 321725-55-7 C8H8N6O
    2-[(E)-(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]phenol