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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[1-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-6-nitrophenol 1379588-07-4 C14H12N4O3
    2-[1-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)ethyl]-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-Chlormethyl-6-methoxy-p-kresol 77691-28-2 C9H11ClO2
    2-Chlormethyl-6-methoxy-p-kresol
    —— 2-Methyl-4-nitro-6-([2]pyridylamino-methyl)-phenol 105402-26-4 C13H13N3O3
    2-Methyl-4-nitro-6-([2]pyridylamino-methyl)-phenol
    —— 1198296-53-5 C9H10N2O4*ClH
    —— 296798-86-2 C20H22O6
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenylamino)-3-pentanone 1417785-45-5 C19H23NO3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenylamino)-3-pentanone
    —— 4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1,1-dimethoxybutyl)benzene-1,2-diol 114963-35-8 C12H11F7O4
    4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1,1-dimethoxybutyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-4-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenol 873471-14-8 C17H28O5
    2-Tert-butyl-4-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenol
    —— L-3-<4-(3,5-Diiod-4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-3,5-diiod-<1,2,3,4,5,6-<sup>14</sup>C(6)-markiertes>phenyl-<1,2,3-<sup>14C</sup>(3)-markiertes>alanin, <<sup>14</sup>C(9)-markiertes> L-Thyroxin 95390-90-2 C15H11I4NO4
    L-3-<4-(3,5-Diiod-4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-3,5-diiod-<1,2,3,4,5,6-<sup>14</sup>C(6)-markiertes>phenyl-<1,2,3-<sup>14C</sup>(3)-markiertes>alanin, <<sup>14</sup>C(9)-markiertes> L-Thyroxin
    —— 3,5-Dibrom-4-hydroxy-phenylisonitril 91808-79-6 C7H3Br2NO
    3,5-Dibrom-4-hydroxy-phenylisonitril
    —— 2-(4-ethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol 1489100-17-5 C12H14O2
    2-(4-ethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6-(2-propenyl)phenol 182011-18-3 C11H13ClO
    5-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6-(2-propenyl)phenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-N-<2.3-dichlor-(then-5-yliden)>-anilin 91058-99-0 C11H7Cl2NOS
    4-Hydroxy-N-<2.3-dichlor-(then-5-yliden)>-anilin
    —— 2-((4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylimino)methyl)benzene-1,4-diol 35546-59-9 C9H8N4O2
    2-((4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylimino)methyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— N-(salicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline 1000414-91-4 C24H21NO3
    N-(salicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)cyanamide 62272-33-7 C9H10N2O
    (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)cyanamide
    —— 5-methoxy-6'-hydroxy-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1107064-58-3 C18H20N2O6
    5-methoxy-6'-hydroxy-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— methyl (Z)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyimino-acetate 308286-25-1 C9H9NO4
    methyl (Z)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyimino-acetate
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diaminopentane 123431-63-0 C19H22N2O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diaminopentane
    —— (2R,4R,6R)-2-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol 1609536-89-1 C21H26O5
    (2R,4R,6R)-2-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol
    —— 2-(5-Chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-diphen yl-s-triazine 176843-59-7 C21H14ClN3O2
    2-(5-Chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-diphen yl-s-triazine
    —— 23-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-26,27,28-trimethoxypentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaen-25-ol 144150-71-0 C38H33NO4S
    23-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-26,27,28-trimethoxypentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaen-25-ol
    —— 2-chloromercurioresorcinol 79757-60-1 C6H5ClHgO2
    2-chloromercurioresorcinol
    —— 72466-40-1 C28H26CuN8O12
    —— (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate 127279-86-1 C20H19OS*F6P
    (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate
    —— 2,3-Diamino-6-hydroxy-toluol 7138-19-4 C7H10N2O
    2,3-Diamino-6-hydroxy-toluol
    —— 4-Bromo-6-[(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(hydroxyamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 651727-85-4 C12H12BrN3O2
    4-Bromo-6-[(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(hydroxyamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— tetraaquabis(2,5-dihydroxybenzoato)nickel(II) 98672-23-2 C14H18NiO12
    tetraaquabis(2,5-dihydroxybenzoato)nickel(II)
    —— (1S,2S)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate 1435280-87-7 C12H14O3
    (1S,2S)-ethyl 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[[(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)amino]methyl]phenol 144836-30-6 C16H17N3O2
    2-Methoxy-4-[[(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)amino]methyl]phenol
    —— (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)magnesium bromide 863780-41-0 C7H7BrMgO2
    (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)magnesium bromide
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitropropiophenonoxim 58402-96-3 C9H10N2O4
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitropropiophenonoxim
    —— Nickel(2+) bis[2-({[(Z)-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}methyl)piperidin-1-ide] 14837-43-5 C26H34N4NiO2
    Nickel(2+) bis[2-({[(Z)-(6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}methyl)piperidin-1-ide]
    —— 2-{[1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide 303092-78-6 C25H23ClN4O4S
    2-{[1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}-N'-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2(R)-methyl-4(S)-hydroxy-5(S)-amino-7(S)-isopropyl-8-(3-hydroxy-4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-octanoic acid (N-3-morpholino-propyl) amide 173337-24-1 C34H59N3O6
    N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2(R)-methyl-4(S)-hydroxy-5(S)-amino-7(S)-isopropyl-8-(3-hydroxy-4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-octanoic acid (N-3-morpholino-propyl) amide
    —— 2-methoxy-6-(Z-3-pyridyliminomethyl)-phenol 1321953-50-7 C13H12N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-(Z-3-pyridyliminomethyl)-phenol
    —— 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexan-3-one 82381-35-9 C13H18O2
    1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexan-3-one
    —— 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)oxypropan-2-yl]-2-iodophenol 1031401-14-5 C11H9F6IO3
    4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)oxypropan-2-yl]-2-iodophenol
    —— <i>N</i>-vanillyliden-anthranilic acid amide 100969-65-1 C15H14N2O3
    <i>N</i>-vanillyliden-anthranilic acid amide
    —— 3-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-nitro-propyl]-6-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenol 189217-84-3 C18H31NO5Si
    3-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-nitro-propyl]-6-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenol
    —— benzylethyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate 125662-46-6 C15H17OS*F6P
    benzylethyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate
    —— Methylglyoxal-methylphenylhydrazon-(1)-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzal)-azin-(2) 98823-66-6 C18H20N4O2
    Methylglyoxal-methylphenylhydrazon-(1)-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzal)-azin-(2)
    —— N-2'-Hydroxi-benzaldimin-thiomorpholin-S-dioxid 79207-07-1 C11H14N2O3S
    N-2'-Hydroxi-benzaldimin-thiomorpholin-S-dioxid
    —— N-(5-hydrazocarbonylpentyl)-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzamide 121018-30-2 C14H20N4O5
    N-(5-hydrazocarbonylpentyl)-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzamide
    —— 4-[1-Methyl-2-propylthioethyl]phenol 180743-22-0 C12H18OS
    4-[1-Methyl-2-propylthioethyl]phenol
    —— 3,5-Dinitro-4-chlor-salicylaldehyd 89642-57-9 C7H3ClN2O6
    3,5-Dinitro-4-chlor-salicylaldehyd
    —— ethyl 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenyl)propanoate 1361519-42-7 C12H14N2O8
    ethyl 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrophenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-Allyl-4-benzyloxy-3-methyl-phenol 108976-75-6 C17H18O2
    2-Allyl-4-benzyloxy-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-(2,2-dimethyl-1-[2-methyl-1H-indole-3-yl]propyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1322596-84-8 C21H25NO2
    2-(2,2-dimethyl-1-[2-methyl-1H-indole-3-yl]propyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)propenone 80388-18-7 C14H13NO2S
    1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)propenone