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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-butanoic acid 4-(1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-[10-allyl-7-hydroxy-8,8,12,16-tetramethyl-3-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yl)-5,9-dioxo-4,17-dioxa-bicyclo[14.1.0]heptadec-11-yloxycarbonyloxymethyl]-2-nitro-phenyl ester 658054-53-6 C46H53N3O14S
    4-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-butanoic acid 4-(1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-[10-allyl-7-hydroxy-8,8,12,16-tetramethyl-3-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yl)-5,9-dioxo-4,17-dioxa-bicyclo[14.1.0]heptadec-11-yloxycarbonyloxymethyl]-2-nitro-phenyl ester
    —— 2-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-methoxyphenol 180912-54-3 C14H20O2
    2-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-methoxyphenol
    —— bis[[2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]methylene]carbonic dihydrazide 1345113-30-5 C17H18N4O5
    bis[[2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]methylene]carbonic dihydrazide
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-5-[(5-ethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)-methyl]-1H-pyrrole 952732-63-7 C18H18N2O2
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-5-[(5-ethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)-methyl]-1H-pyrrole
    —— (E)-2-(3'-methyloct-2'-en-6'-ynyl)-4-bromophenol 1163722-48-2 C15H17BrO
    (E)-2-(3'-methyloct-2'-en-6'-ynyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— 1187759-64-3 C24H38O2
    —— 3-[1-(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 102271-74-9 C12H10Br2O4
    3-[1-(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6-iodo-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenol 1403775-53-0 C9H11IO
    6-iodo-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-bromotrimethylanilinium chloride 130596-73-5 C9H13BrNO*Cl
    2-hydroxy-5-bromotrimethylanilinium chloride
    —— tetracyclo[10.2.2.15,9.03,6]heptadeca-1(14),5,7,9(17),12,15-hexaene 76885-65-9 C17H16
    tetracyclo[10.2.2.15,9.03,6]heptadeca-1(14),5,7,9(17),12,15-hexaene
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-N-isopropyl-acetamide 29121-20-8 C11H14N2O4
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-N-isopropyl-acetamide
    —— 5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-benzyl alcohol 32642-47-0 C9H12O2
    5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-benzyl alcohol
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033766-79-8 C15H12ClN3O
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— 2-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methylphenol 80615-39-0 C11H17O4P
    2-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methylphenol
    —— 4,5-dichloro-2-fluoro-phenol 2995-08-6 C6H3Cl2FO
    4,5-dichloro-2-fluoro-phenol
    —— 2-[(2-cyclopentylphenylimino)methyl]phenol 1072933-96-0 C18H19NO
    2-[(2-cyclopentylphenylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-isopropyl-6-tert.-butyl-phenol 26307-58-4 C14H22O2
    4-Methoxy-2-isopropyl-6-tert.-butyl-phenol
    —— 4-bromo-aniline; picrate 30633-61-5 C6H3N3O7*C6H6BrN
    4-bromo-aniline; picrate
    —— N-(3,6-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 1276541-42-4 C9H11NO4
    N-(3,6-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-((S)-Methanesulfinyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 849693-20-5 C8H10O3S
    2-((S)-Methanesulfinyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylamino)-5-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one 1627615-14-8 C12H13NO4
    4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylamino)-5-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one
    —— 3,3'-{5,5'-[5,5'-methylenebis(3-methylbenzo[b]furan-7,5-diyl)]bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)}bis[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenyl)thiazolidine-4-one] 1268829-83-9 C59H46N6O8S4
    3,3'-{5,5'-[5,5'-methylenebis(3-methylbenzo[b]furan-7,5-diyl)]bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)}bis[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-methylphenyl)thiazolidine-4-one]
    —— (2S,3R)-3-(4-Hydroxy-benzyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-cyclohexanone 89604-29-5 C21H31NO2
    (2S,3R)-3-(4-Hydroxy-benzyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-cyclohexanone
    —— 4-bromo-6-iodoresorcinol 929206-86-0 C6H4BrIO2
    4-bromo-6-iodoresorcinol
    —— 2-((R)-Methanesulfinyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 849693-17-0 C8H10O3S
    2-((R)-Methanesulfinyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— (S)-2-[N-(3'-tert-butylsalicylidene)amino]-4-methyl-1-pentanol 139224-71-8 C17H27NO2
    (S)-2-[N-(3'-tert-butylsalicylidene)amino]-4-methyl-1-pentanol
    —— 1-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-dodecylthiourea 6942-50-3 C20H32BrN3OS
    1-[(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-dodecylthiourea
    —— dimethyl (4-bromo-3-methylphenylamino)(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonate 1364003-35-9 C16H19BrNO5P
    dimethyl (4-bromo-3-methylphenylamino)(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonate
    —— 2-Chlor-3,5-dibenzyloxyphenol 65658-30-2 C20H17ClO3
    2-Chlor-3,5-dibenzyloxyphenol
    —— [3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-octadecyloxycarbonylmethylsulfanyl-propylsulfanyl]-acetic acid octadecyl ester 57726-45-1 C53H96O5S2
    [3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-octadecyloxycarbonylmethylsulfanyl-propylsulfanyl]-acetic acid octadecyl ester
    —— 3-Amino-11-hydroxy-10-methoxy-8-methyl-1-ethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo<6,7>cyclohepta<2,1-d>pyrimidin 17133-89-0 C17H21N3O2
    3-Amino-11-hydroxy-10-methoxy-8-methyl-1-ethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo<6,7>cyclohepta<2,1-d>pyrimidin
    —— 14146-74-8 C11H11NO4
    —— 2-(2'-nitro-4'-bromo-5'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,3-dithiane 152821-36-8 C14H18BrNO3S2
    2-(2'-nitro-4'-bromo-5'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,3-dithiane
    —— 2-tert.-Butyl-6-methoxy-hydrochinon 26232-85-9 C11H16O3
    2-tert.-Butyl-6-methoxy-hydrochinon
    —— 3-phenylpropylguanidine picrate 1555940-69-6 C6H3N3O7*C10H15N3
    3-phenylpropylguanidine picrate
    —— 2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-cyclohexanone O-methyl-oxime 193209-03-9 C15H19NO3
    2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-cyclohexanone O-methyl-oxime
    —— (S)-2-chloro-1-mesitylethanaminium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate 1178560-36-5 C6H3N3O7*C11H16ClN
    (S)-2-chloro-1-mesitylethanaminium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— 2,4-dimethyl-6-(2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl)-phenol 854663-24-4 C14H13NO5S
    2,4-dimethyl-6-(2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,6-bis-methoxymethyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester 55551-59-2 C22H29NO8
    4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,6-bis-methoxymethyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
    —— 1,2,3,5-Tetrahydrobenzothiazepin-4-oxid 1668-77-5 C9H11NOS
    1,2,3,5-Tetrahydrobenzothiazepin-4-oxid
    —— 2-amino-3-methoxyphenol-4-sulphonic acid 132396-98-6 C7H9NO5S
    2-amino-3-methoxyphenol-4-sulphonic acid
    —— 2-Acet-acetylamino-5-nitro-phenol 43038-57-9 C10H10N2O5
    2-Acet-acetylamino-5-nitro-phenol
    —— Cu2(μ-vanillinate)4(nicotinamide)2 1146616-59-2 C44H40Cu2N4O18
    Cu2(μ-vanillinate)4(nicotinamide)2
    —— 3,6-dibromo-2,4-dinitro-phenol 98137-97-4 C6H2Br2N2O5
    3,6-dibromo-2,4-dinitro-phenol
    —— 4-[1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-propoxy)-propyl]-phenol 206560-58-9 C15H5F19O3
    4-[1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-propoxy)-propyl]-phenol
    —— 3-((2-((12-((2-((3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)dodecyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-ammonium iodide 1421366-08-6 C34H52N5O6*I
    3-((2-((12-((2-((3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)dodecyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-ammonium iodide
    —— 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate 1206823-91-7 C6H10N2O2*C7H6O4
    2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
    —— 3-Ethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-benzazocin 57120-67-9 C14H21NO
    3-Ethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-benzazocin
    —— 3-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-butyronitril 42604-34-2 C10H11NO2
    3-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-butyronitril
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol; compound with 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid 22775-14-0 C4H6O6*C11H17NO4
    4-(1-Hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol; compound with 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid