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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Allyloxy-3-methyl-phenol 3732-01-2 C10H12O2
    4-Allyloxy-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-{[4,5-diamino-1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-ylmethyl]-amino}-2-methyl-phenol 459839-59-9 C13H19N5O2
    5-{[4,5-diamino-1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-ylmethyl]-amino}-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 1380332-52-4 C15H22O2
    —— <4,6-2H>-2-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 76684-29-2 C9H14OSi
    <4,6-2H>-2-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— 5-tert-butyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran 602304-91-6 C16H22O2
    5-tert-butyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran
    —— 2,4-diallyloxyphenol 1416159-14-2 C12H14O3
    2,4-diallyloxyphenol
    —— (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene-hydrazone 51084-76-5 C7H6Br2N2O
    (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene-hydrazone
    —— tert-butyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)sulfinamoylacetate 99543-23-4 C13H19NO5S
    tert-butyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)sulfinamoylacetate
    —— 1,2-bis(salicylideneamino)-1-phenylethane 50717-83-4 C22H20N2O2
    1,2-bis(salicylideneamino)-1-phenylethane
    —— 2-(2-Methyl-cyclopentyl)-phenol 55631-65-7 C12H16O
    2-(2-Methyl-cyclopentyl)-phenol
    —— 2.n-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzamidine 814262-96-9 C8H10N2O3
    2.n-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzamidine
    —— 53164-50-4 C18H16O4
    —— 4-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol 1334309-64-6 C9H11NO5
    4-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— ME0150 1226513-67-2 C12H11BrN4O3S
    ME0150
    —— (1R,2R)-2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]cyclohexan-1-ol 906802-49-1 C16H24O4
    (1R,2R)-2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]cyclohexan-1-ol
    —— 5-(4-aminocyclohexyl)amino-7-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)amino-3-isopropylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine 607727-48-0 C22H31N7O3
    5-(4-aminocyclohexyl)amino-7-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)amino-3-isopropylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine
    —— 1-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 1607446-85-4 C16H22O3
    1-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 4-bis{4-hydroxyphenyl}-1,5-cyclohexadiene 24039-93-8 C18H16O2
    4-bis{4-hydroxyphenyl}-1,5-cyclohexadiene
    —— 5-Pent-4-enyl-benzene-1,3-diol 65352-01-4 C11H14O2
    5-Pent-4-enyl-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(di-t-butylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230390-15-4 C24H36OSSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(di-t-butylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— N-(4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-propenyl)methanesulfonamide 116911-53-6 C12H15N3O6S
    N-(4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-propenyl)methanesulfonamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methyoxy<1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-pyrrolidinyl>benzenemethanol 123172-75-8 C17H25NO5
    2-hydroxy-4-methyoxy<1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-pyrrolidinyl>benzenemethanol
    —— 2-{[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino}-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol 1164273-65-7 C11H15NO3
    2-{[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino}-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol
    —— 3-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-oxopropyl]phenol 850664-10-7 C14H20N2O2
    3-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-oxopropyl]phenol
    —— 1-<p-Hydroxy-phenyl>-3-dimethylamino-butanol 884-07-1 C12H19NO2
    1-<p-Hydroxy-phenyl>-3-dimethylamino-butanol
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-prop-2-ynyloxy-phenol 1312998-06-3 C13H16O2
    2-tert-butyl-4-prop-2-ynyloxy-phenol
    —— 5,6,11,12-tetradehydro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[10]annulene-2,7-diol 1065243-26-6 C14H12O2
    5,6,11,12-tetradehydro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[10]annulene-2,7-diol
    —— 5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid 1427753-22-7 C11H13ClO3
    5-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid
    —— Ethyl 2-cyano-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoate 269729-18-2 C17H24NO7P
    Ethyl 2-cyano-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[[2-[[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylpropyl]iminomethyl]phenol 219510-16-4 C23H21Br2N3O2
    4-Bromo-2-[[2-[[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methyl]-3-pyridin-2-ylpropyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— Diethyl (2,3-Dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)malonate 72796-43-1 C15H20O7
    Diethyl (2,3-Dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)malonate
    —— 1054562-62-7 C13H12ClFN4O
    —— 5-(3,4-Dihydroxy-benzyl)-3-[1-phenylamino-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 59876-42-5 C19H18N2O4
    5-(3,4-Dihydroxy-benzyl)-3-[1-phenylamino-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester 5294-23-5 C12H13ClN4O5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— 6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-dibenz[<i>c,e</i>]azepine-2,3,9,10-tetraol; hydrobromide 109587-24-8 BrH*C15H15NO4
    6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-dibenz[<i>c,e</i>]azepine-2,3,9,10-tetraol; hydrobromide
    —— 3,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-1,2-benzenedicarbonitrile 105518-08-9 C9H6N2O3
    3,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-1,2-benzenedicarbonitrile
    —— N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxy-6-((R)-hydroxy((2S,3a'S,6S,6'R,7a'S)-2',2',6-trimethyl-3a',5,6,6',7',7a'-hexahydrospiro[pyran-2,4'-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran]-6'-yl)methyl)-4-methoxybenzamide 1276043-19-6 C26H37NO8
    N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxy-6-((R)-hydroxy((2S,3a'S,6S,6'R,7a'S)-2',2',6-trimethyl-3a',5,6,6',7',7a'-hexahydrospiro[pyran-2,4'-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran]-6'-yl)methyl)-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— (6Z)-6-(1-{2-[(1E)-1-(6-Oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)butyl]hydrazinyl}butylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 2780-17-8 C20H24N2O2
    (6Z)-6-(1-{2-[(1E)-1-(6-Oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)butyl]hydrazinyl}butylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— hydrazinecarbohydrazide compound with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol (1:1) 1235343-58-4 CH6N4O*C6H3N3O9
    hydrazinecarbohydrazide compound with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol (1:1)
    —— 6-<(amidiniothio)phenyl-λ<sup>3</sup>-iodanyl>-2,4-dinitrophenolate 100351-29-9 C13H11IN4O5S
    6-<(amidiniothio)phenyl-λ<sup>3</sup>-iodanyl>-2,4-dinitrophenolate
    —— 2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyliden)-3,5-dimethyl-4-aethyl-2H-pyrrolenin-hydrobromid 16176-30-0 BrH*C17H21NO3
    2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyliden)-3,5-dimethyl-4-aethyl-2H-pyrrolenin-hydrobromid
    —— 5-Chloro-1-(3-chloro-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-pyridin-2-one 19352-41-1 C11H7Cl2NO2
    5-Chloro-1-(3-chloro-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-pyridin-2-one
    —— 1,2-Dimethyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin 16030-95-8 C13H19NO2
    1,2-Dimethyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)piperidin
    —— 5-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-methyl-4-nitrophenol 282106-66-5 C9H12N2O4
    5-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-(5-bromo-2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1372864-95-3 C16H18BrNO4S
    5-(5-bromo-2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylbutyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 1360605-10-2 C16H11FN2O2S
    —— α-(2-Methoxy-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-nonyl-(2)-amino-erythro-propanolhydrochlorid 21068-32-6 C19H33NO3*ClH
    α-(2-Methoxy-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-nonyl-(2)-amino-erythro-propanolhydrochlorid
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-[2,3'-bipyridine]-3,5-dicarbonitrile 1033770-72-7 C19H13ClN4O
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-[2,3'-bipyridine]-3,5-dicarbonitrile
    —— (E)-methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)pent-2-enoate 1595071-47-8 C13H16O3
    (E)-methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)pent-2-enoate
    —— 4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol 132277-38-4 C9H9NO6
    4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol