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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-1-Cyano-2-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethenesulfonic acid amide 41827-55-8 C9H6Cl2N2O3S
    (E)-1-Cyano-2-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethenesulfonic acid amide
    —— 4-Isopropylamino-2,6-dinitro-phenol 25909-43-7 C9H11N3O5
    4-Isopropylamino-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— 3,4-Dimethylphenol-2-<3H> 33500-84-4 C8H10O
    3,4-Dimethylphenol-2-<3H>
    —— 2-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-phenyl-selenosemicarbazon> 110178-78-4 C14H13N3OSe
    2-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-phenyl-selenosemicarbazon>
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-7-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol 3529-41-7 C7H5N3O3S
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-7-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol
    —— [1S-(1α,2α,3α,4α)]-2-[[3-[hydroxymethyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl]-4-fluoro-phenol 1020717-47-8 C14H17FO3
    [1S-(1α,2α,3α,4α)]-2-[[3-[hydroxymethyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]methyl]-4-fluoro-phenol
    —— 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1-benzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one 1453085-21-6 C20H17N5O3
    5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-1-benzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one
    —— 6-Bromo-3-chloro-2,4-difluorophenol 1826110-17-1 C6H2BrClF2O
    6-Bromo-3-chloro-2,4-difluorophenol
    —— Acetic acid 4-(3-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-2-methylene-but-3-enyl)-3-hydroxy-phenyl ester 290362-02-6 C21H20O5
    Acetic acid 4-(3-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-2-methylene-but-3-enyl)-3-hydroxy-phenyl ester
    —— 1-Amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine 82252-83-3 C7H10N4O
    1-Amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-thiocyanatomethyl-benzyl alcohol 409317-20-0 C10H11NO2S
    2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-thiocyanatomethyl-benzyl alcohol
    —— 3-tert. butyl-5-nitro-N-(5'-iodopyrid-2'-yl)salicylamide 57187-81-2 C16H16IN3O4
    3-tert. butyl-5-nitro-N-(5'-iodopyrid-2'-yl)salicylamide
    —— 2-{1-[(Z)-3-Chloro-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol 112932-63-5 C15H13ClN2O3
    2-{1-[(Z)-3-Chloro-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— ethyl 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate 1397495-70-3 C15H18O5
    ethyl 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate
    —— Phenol, 3-(1-aminocyclobutyl)-2-chloro-6-methoxy- 1314755-38-8 C11H14ClNO2
    Phenol, 3-(1-aminocyclobutyl)-2-chloro-6-methoxy-
    —— 3-(Pent-2-en-4-yl)brenzcatechin 28199-72-6 C11H14O2
    3-(Pent-2-en-4-yl)brenzcatechin
    —— 545405-55-8 C21H20Cl2N6O2
    —— 1,1-bis(bis(pentafluorophenyl)boryl)hexane 217967-03-8 C30H12B2F20
    1,1-bis(bis(pentafluorophenyl)boryl)hexane
    —— (2,4-dihydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid 57178-74-2 C6H6AsNO7
    (2,4-dihydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid
    —— 1,7,13,19-tetramethyl-4,10,16,22-[tetra(N-dimethylamino)methylene]calix[4]resorcynolarene 134887-74-4 C44H60N4O8
    1,7,13,19-tetramethyl-4,10,16,22-[tetra(N-dimethylamino)methylene]calix[4]resorcynolarene
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazone 1426395-09-6 C23H29N3O11S
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2-(3-dodecyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol 55771-52-3 C21H35NO2
    2-(3-dodecyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— N-salicylidene cyclohexyloxyamine 344302-97-2 C13H17NO2
    N-salicylidene cyclohexyloxyamine
    —— 2-(5,6-di-pyridin-2-yl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-4-methyl-phenol 99077-59-5 C20H15N5O
    2-(5,6-di-pyridin-2-yl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-{(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-[5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl]-methyl}-phenol 855303-08-1 C29H50O3Si2
    2-{(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-[5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl]-methyl}-phenol
    —— Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)- 1314724-86-1 C10H8Br2O3
    Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-
    —— 1-Phenyl-3-<4,7-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-benzofuryl-(2)>-5-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-2-pyrazolin 6430-99-5 C26H24N2O6
    1-Phenyl-3-<4,7-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-benzofuryl-(2)>-5-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-2-pyrazolin
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylhydrazo)pentane-2,4-dione 21099-37-6 C11H11N3O5
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylhydrazo)pentane-2,4-dione
    —— [3-OC(2)H3]syringaldehyde 934634-11-4 C9H10O4
    [3-OC(2)H3]syringaldehyde
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-5,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-benzocyclononen-6-one oxime 126538-57-6 C13H17NO3
    4,5-Dihydroxy-5,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-benzocyclononen-6-one oxime
    —— 4-bromophen-2,3,5,6-d4-ol-d 126839-97-2 C6H5BrO
    4-bromophen-2,3,5,6-d4-ol-d
    —— 4-chloro-2,3,5,6-tetradeuteriophenol 285132-91-4 C6H5ClO
    4-chloro-2,3,5,6-tetradeuteriophenol
    —— 2-benzylidenamino-4-bromo-phenol 861008-59-5 C13H10BrNO
    2-benzylidenamino-4-bromo-phenol
    —— 2-(β-acetylaminoethylthio)-5-nitrophenol 146310-50-1 C10H12N2O4S
    2-(β-acetylaminoethylthio)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-1-one 1427192-03-7 C22H29NO4S
    1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(4'-nitro-3'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-pyridin-3,5-dicarbonsaeurediethylester 32927-18-7 C19H22N2O7
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-(4'-nitro-3'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-pyridin-3,5-dicarbonsaeurediethylester
    —— 4-{4-(Iodomethyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-1,1-bis-[3-(iodomethyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-propyl]-butyl}-phenol 527698-54-0 C25H47I3OSi3
    4-{4-(Iodomethyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-1,1-bis-[3-(iodomethyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-propyl]-butyl}-phenol
    —— 2,6-bis(((3-mercapto-5-(mercaptomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-4-methylphenol 500759-30-8 C15H16N8OS4
    2,6-bis(((3-mercapto-5-(mercaptomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 5-bromo-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pentane 51795-89-2 C11H15BrO
    5-bromo-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pentane
    —— 2,6-Dibrom-3-nitro-methylammonium-phenolat 100477-84-7 CH5N*C6H3Br2NO3
    2,6-Dibrom-3-nitro-methylammonium-phenolat
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclobutendion 14033-81-9 C10H6O4
    1-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclobutendion
    —— 5-(3,4-Dihydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)pentanoic acid 116314-15-9 C11H13NO6
    5-(3,4-Dihydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)pentanoic acid
    —— 2,5-(Dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-morpholino-cyclopenten 2035-37-2 C15H19NO3
    2,5-(Dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-morpholino-cyclopenten
    —— 11-Hydroxy-1-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-undeca-1,9-diyne 106852-86-2 C18H22O3
    11-Hydroxy-1-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-undeca-1,9-diyne
    —— 2-[N-[4-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]phenyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol 97801-61-1 C22H20N2O2
    2-[N-[4-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]phenyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— 1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-indol-3-yl-propan-1-ol 40446-89-7 C18H18BrNO3
    1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-indol-3-yl-propan-1-ol
    —— 2-Amino-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzylalkohol 13804-71-2 C8H11NO3
    2-Amino-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzylalkohol
    —— p-(N,N-diallylaminomethyl)calix<6>arene 119707-63-0 C84H102N6O6
    p-(N,N-diallylaminomethyl)calix<6>arene
    —— 5-Indanol-4-<3H> 33500-94-6 C9H10O
    5-Indanol-4-<3H>
    —— 3,5-bis(2'-ethylhexyloxycarbonylethyl-thiomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenol 115006-92-3 C33H56O5S2
    3,5-bis(2'-ethylhexyloxycarbonylethyl-thiomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenol