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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Brom-5,6-dicyan-3-methoxyhydrochinon 60510-09-0 C9H5BrN2O3
    2-Brom-5,6-dicyan-3-methoxyhydrochinon
    —— 1,1,1-tris(N-salicylideneaminomethyl)ethane Ni(II)salt 314281-60-2 C26H25N3O3*Ni
    1,1,1-tris(N-salicylideneaminomethyl)ethane Ni(II)salt
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 107095-27-2 C16H16N2O
    5-Methyl-2-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-([(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ethylamino]methyl)-4-methyl-6-[(3-methylsulfanylpropylimino)methyl]phenol 500994-94-5 C19H33N3OS
    2-([(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ethylamino]methyl)-4-methyl-6-[(3-methylsulfanylpropylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 3-deuterio-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxyphenol 115319-88-5 C10H15NO2
    3-deuterio-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-52-2 C16H10Br2ClN3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— Potassium;trifluoro-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)boranuide 1258506-95-4 C7H7BF3O2*K
    Potassium;trifluoro-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)boranuide
    —— 2-[(3-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4 bromo-3-fluorophenol 103743-27-7 C11H9BrFNO2
    2-[(3-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4 bromo-3-fluorophenol
    —— 2-{[bis-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone 107411-88-1 C13H21NO4
    2-{[bis-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone
    —— 2-benzenesulfonyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-penta-dienenitrile 569343-75-5 C19H17NO5S
    2-benzenesulfonyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-penta-dienenitrile
    —— 5-[(5S)-1,7-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 1013655-57-6 C13H15NO4
    5-[(5S)-1,7-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,4-Bis-chloromethyl-6-nitro-phenol 40638-50-4 C8H7Cl2NO3
    2,4-Bis-chloromethyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— ethyl {2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}acetate 913650-47-2 C14H14BrNO3S
    ethyl {2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}acetate
    —— (2-hydroxybenzylidene)di(2-pyridin-2-yl)methylamine 223446-12-6 C18H15N3O
    (2-hydroxybenzylidene)di(2-pyridin-2-yl)methylamine
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(2-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)acetyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224693-19-9 C22H29ClN2O3
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(2-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)acetyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrrolin 7167-62-6 C11H13NO
    2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrrolin
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]oxadiazin-5-one 63417-50-5 C9H8N2O3
    3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]oxadiazin-5-one
    —— 1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone oxime 221559-20-2 C8H8FNO2
    1-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone oxime
    —— N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-2,4,6-trimethyl-m-phenylenediamine 1569075-70-2 C23H22N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-2,4,6-trimethyl-m-phenylenediamine
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(2-chlorophenethoxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-94-2 C17H12Br2ClN3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(2-chlorophenethoxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— (4-hydroxy-phenylazo)-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-carboxylic acid butyl ester 100796-75-6 C13H14N4O3S
    (4-hydroxy-phenylazo)-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-carboxylic acid butyl ester
    —— 5-[(2-Cyclohexylimino-4-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-yl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2,4-triol 1459803-38-3 C20H25N3O3S
    5-[(2-Cyclohexylimino-4-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-yl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 2,2'-((((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol) 97848-49-2 C26H34O11
    2,2'-((((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol)
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-((4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl phenoxy)methyl)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-78-2 C18H14Br2ClN3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-((4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl phenoxy)methyl)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 3-[4-(7-hydroxy-6-methyl-indan-4-ylmethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl]-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-ol 1092552-26-5 C19H22N4O3
    3-[4-(7-hydroxy-6-methyl-indan-4-ylmethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl]-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-ol
    —— 1225220-52-9 C15H15NO3
    —— 1,5-diisopropyl-3-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-oxoverdazyl 1114889-01-8 C15H21N4O3
    1,5-diisopropyl-3-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-oxoverdazyl
    —— (o-Hydroxybenzyliden)-cyclobutan 16958-45-5 C11H12O
    (o-Hydroxybenzyliden)-cyclobutan
    —— 2-((E)-((S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-ylimino)methyl)-4,5,8-tribromonaphthalen-1-ol 1240255-82-6 C16H16Br3NO2
    2-((E)-((S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-ylimino)methyl)-4,5,8-tribromonaphthalen-1-ol
    —— 4-(2-amino-5H-thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)phenol 1310810-99-1 C10H9N3OS2
    4-(2-amino-5H-thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-benzaldehyde 857829-54-0 C10H12O4
    3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-benzaldehyde
    —— (2S)-N-hydroxy-2-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-2-acetamide 1,1-dioxide 282114-27-6 C17H19NO5S2
    (2S)-N-hydroxy-2-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-2-acetamide 1,1-dioxide
    —— 2-bromo-4-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol 1159343-24-4 C8H5Br3O
    2-bromo-4-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol
    —— 2,5-dimethoxy-3-tert-butylphenol 3898-11-1 C12H18O3
    2,5-dimethoxy-3-tert-butylphenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N,N-dimethylacetamide 1056009-58-5 C10H13NO3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N,N-dimethylacetamide
    —— 10-Acetoxy-1,2,3,4,10,13-hexahydro-5,8-dihydroxyphenanthren 93006-76-9 C16H18O4
    10-Acetoxy-1,2,3,4,10,13-hexahydro-5,8-dihydroxyphenanthren
    —— 2,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenylazo)-1H-pyrrole 1174916-03-0 C16H13N5O2
    2,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenylazo)-1H-pyrrole
    —— 2,4'-selanediyl-di-phenol 858854-15-6 C12H10O2Se
    2,4'-selanediyl-di-phenol
    —— 5-((4-chlorobenzyl)oxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 1446483-90-4 C14H11ClO3
    5-((4-chlorobenzyl)oxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— benzyl 3-chloro-5,6-dihydroxy-7-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate 1226871-22-2 C16H10ClNO6S
    benzyl 3-chloro-5,6-dihydroxy-7-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(7-methoxy-3,9-dihydrochromeno[2,3-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol 1279019-16-7 C18H16N2O4
    4-methoxy-2-(7-methoxy-3,9-dihydrochromeno[2,3-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-Pyridinecarboxamide,N-[4,5-dihydro-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-1-yl]- 139596-82-0 C18H16N4O4
    4-Pyridinecarboxamide,N-[4,5-dihydro-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-1-yl]-
    —— 3-(4-{[1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl]amino}phenyl)-2-furancarboxylic acid-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)hydrazide hydrochloride 1255148-73-2 C27H21F3N4O6*ClH
    3-(4-{[1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl]amino}phenyl)-2-furancarboxylic acid-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)hydrazide hydrochloride
    —— 1-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-on-N,N'-dimethylhydrazon 67133-22-6 C12H18N2O
    1-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-on-N,N'-dimethylhydrazon
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol 1245821-60-6 C9H8N2O2S2
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol
    —— 1429327-72-9 C18H16N6O2
    —— 4-(1-azepanyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol 1443732-10-2 C14H21NO
    4-(1-azepanyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-Chloro-N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methyl-benzyl)-acetamide 38942-00-6 C12H15Cl2NO4
    2-Chloro-N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methyl-benzyl)-acetamide
    —— (Z)-4-chloro-2-[(3-methyl)-3-pentenyl]phenol 1383253-13-1 C12H15ClO
    (Z)-4-chloro-2-[(3-methyl)-3-pentenyl]phenol
    —— N-Furfuryl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-harnstoff-pikrat 4506-07-4 C6H3N3O7*C13H14N2O3
    N-Furfuryl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-harnstoff-pikrat