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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Iod-2,5-dimethyl-hydrochinon 7308-99-8 C8H9IO2
    3-Iod-2,5-dimethyl-hydrochinon
    —— 4-<2-Chlor-4-hydroxy-phenoxy>-buttersaeure 7417-86-9 C10H11ClO4
    4-<2-Chlor-4-hydroxy-phenoxy>-buttersaeure
    —— 4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-propylhexyl)-phenol 17077-27-9 C15H22N2O5
    4,6-Dinitro-2-(1-propylhexyl)-phenol
    —— 2-[[(2-Hydroxyethyl)imino]methyl]-1,4-benzenediol 120370-63-0 C9H11NO3
    2-[[(2-Hydroxyethyl)imino]methyl]-1,4-benzenediol
    —— N-(2-pyridyl)-5-chlorosalicylideneimine 15667-95-5 C12H9ClN2O
    N-(2-pyridyl)-5-chlorosalicylideneimine
    —— (E)-2-(((2-(aziridin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol 78186-32-0 C11H14N2O
    (E)-2-(((2-(aziridin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— demethylisoheterotropanone 78660-19-2 C23H30O7
    demethylisoheterotropanone
    —— 1-<4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl>-heptan 5075-79-6 C14H22O
    1-<4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl>-heptan
    —— 4-(4-phenyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)-4-silacyclohexyl)phenol 177787-28-9 C22H30OSi
    4-(4-phenyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)-4-silacyclohexyl)phenol
    —— 2,5-dimethyl-4-[(trimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 1230388-79-0 C12H20O2Si
    2,5-dimethyl-4-[(trimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 2,4-diamino-5-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine 84876-27-7 C13H16N4O3*ClH
    2,4-diamino-5-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine
    —— 1-N',2-N'-bis[(Z)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethanediimidamide 6343-51-7 C16H16N6O4
    1-N',2-N'-bis[(Z)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethanediimidamide
    —— 5-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-2-pentanol 105970-35-2 C15H24O3
    5-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-2-pentanol
    —— 1-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(3-methylphenyl)thiourea 769143-53-5 C16H17N3O2S
    1-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(3-methylphenyl)thiourea
    —— Methyl 2-[2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethylamino]cyclopentene-1-carbodithioate 1173198-72-5 C17H22N2O2S2
    Methyl 2-[2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethylamino]cyclopentene-1-carbodithioate
    —— 3,6-Bis(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1160096-71-8 C12H16N2O4
    3,6-Bis(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)pyrazole 80378-26-3 C14H13N3O2S
    3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)pyrazole
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(3-pyridin-3-yl-isoxazol-5-yl)-phenol 58476-54-3 C15H12N2O3
    5-methoxy-2-(3-pyridin-3-yl-isoxazol-5-yl)-phenol
    —— 3-[((2-(4'-imidazolyl)ethyl)imino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol 199194-57-5 C12H13N3O2
    3-[((2-(4'-imidazolyl)ethyl)imino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-n-Butyloxymethyl-4.6-dinitro-phenol 16607-29-7 C11H14N2O6
    2-n-Butyloxymethyl-4.6-dinitro-phenol
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenylacetyl)-anilin 42729-81-7 C14H12N2O4
    N-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenylacetyl)-anilin
    —— 2,8,14,20-Tetrakis(5-bromo-2,4-dimethylphenyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1021604-66-9 C60H52Br4O8
    2,8,14,20-Tetrakis(5-bromo-2,4-dimethylphenyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 4-(methylselanyl)phenol 189004-35-1 C7H8OSe
    4-(methylselanyl)phenol
    —— cyclopentadienyl dimethylsulphoxide pyrogalloxyantimony(III) 94198-33-1 C13H15O4SSb
    cyclopentadienyl dimethylsulphoxide pyrogalloxyantimony(III)
    —— 2-[(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-hydrazono]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one 18101-27-4 C17H13Cl2N3O3S
    2-[(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-hydrazono]-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid 19738-79-5 C16H13NO4
    5-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— amylosporanes I 38106-47-7 C17H24O2
    amylosporanes I
    —— 5-Chlor-α-(cyclopentylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylalkohol 34712-35-1 C14H20ClNO3
    5-Chlor-α-(cyclopentylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylalkohol
    —— 5-Carboxy-6-(4-chlor-2-nitrophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-pyron 16801-08-4 C12H6ClNO7
    5-Carboxy-6-(4-chlor-2-nitrophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-pyron
    —— 5-Pentylthiomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd 2932-01-6 C14H20O3S
    5-Pentylthiomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— 5.6-dinitro-creosol 871883-73-7 C8H8N2O6
    5.6-dinitro-creosol
    —— 692754-92-0 C18H25NO4
    —— 1261033-89-9 C12H19NO4S
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl fluoride 95546-51-3 C7H7FO4S
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl fluoride
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(morpholinomethyl)benzaldehyde 1064288-43-2 C13H17NO4
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(morpholinomethyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4,4'-(6-methyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl)-bis-benzene-1,3-diol 4479-21-4 C16H13N3O4
    4,4'-(6-methyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl)-bis-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(dimethyl-4-trifluoromethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 1230390-11-0 C19H23F3O2Si
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(dimethyl-4-trifluoromethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 148228-58-4 C24H24Cl2N4O4
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]phenol 664323-92-6 C19H20N2O2S
    5-methoxy-2-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— N,N'-4,5-dimethoxybenzenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine) 289061-45-6 C38H52N2O4
    N,N'-4,5-dimethoxybenzenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)
    —— 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide 303086-87-5 C16H14Cl2N2O4
    2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-Isoamyloxymethyl-4.6-dinitro-phenol 16607-35-5 C12H16N2O6
    2-Isoamyloxymethyl-4.6-dinitro-phenol
    —— Noradrenalin-2-(14C) 31060-03-4 C8H11NO3
    Noradrenalin-2-(14C)
    —— 2-[[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]benzene-1,4-diol 51309-61-6 C14H12N2O4
    2-[[(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]methyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzylidene)propane-1,2-diamine 1314916-76-1 C19H22N2O4
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzylidene)propane-1,2-diamine
    —— H2(salnptn(3-OMe)2) 100930-87-8 C21H26N2O4
    H2(salnptn(3-OMe)2)
    —— N-[3-carbamoyl-5-benzyl-thien-2-yl]vanillic amide 383380-75-4 C20H18N2O4S
    N-[3-carbamoyl-5-benzyl-thien-2-yl]vanillic amide
    —— 2-[3-[[2-Hydroxy-5-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)phenyl]methylideneamino]propyliminomethyl]-4-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)phenol 515873-97-9 C27H34N2O2Si2
    2-[3-[[2-Hydroxy-5-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)phenyl]methylideneamino]propyliminomethyl]-4-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)phenol
    —— 1,6-bis(2-hydroxy-3-(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethyl)benzene)-2,5-diene-2,5-diazahexane 342889-00-3 C40H36N6O4
    1,6-bis(2-hydroxy-3-(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethyl)benzene)-2,5-diene-2,5-diazahexane
    —— n-hexylammonium picrate 17704-16-4 C6H3N3O7*C6H15N
    n-hexylammonium picrate