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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(2R)-2-hydroxypent-4-en-2-yl]phenol 904906-09-8 C11H14O2
    2-[(2R)-2-hydroxypent-4-en-2-yl]phenol
    —— prelunularic acid 85926-21-2 C15H16O5
    prelunularic acid
    —— 4,4'-decanediyl-di-pyrocatechol 102957-92-6 C22H30O4
    4,4'-decanediyl-di-pyrocatechol
    —— picric acid ; hydrazinium picrate 92694-76-3 C6H3N3O7*H4N2
    picric acid ; hydrazinium picrate
    —— N-[1-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)cyclohexyl]benzamide 1341190-87-1 C22H27NO4
    N-[1-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)cyclohexyl]benzamide
    —— Heptacyclo[37.3.1.14,8.111,15.118,22.125,29.132,36]octatetraconta-1(43),4(48),5,7,11(47),12,14,18(46),19,21,25,27,29(45),32,34,36(44),39,41-octadecaen-2,9,16,23,30,37-hexayne-6,13,20,27,34,41-hexol 152266-41-6 C48H24O6
    Heptacyclo[37.3.1.14,8.111,15.118,22.125,29.132,36]octatetraconta-1(43),4(48),5,7,11(47),12,14,18(46),19,21,25,27,29(45),32,34,36(44),39,41-octadecaen-2,9,16,23,30,37-hexayne-6,13,20,27,34,41-hexol
    —— 4-Methyl-2-(1,3-oxazolidin-3-ylmethyl)phenol 1206549-87-2 C11H15NO2
    4-Methyl-2-(1,3-oxazolidin-3-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— N<sup>8</sup>-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)spermidine 95686-91-2 C18H29N3O4
    N<sup>8</sup>-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)spermidine
    —— 2-chloro-4-methoxy-5-methylphenol 1600530-27-5 C8H9ClO2
    2-chloro-4-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— (Z)-5-(heptadec-2-en-1-yl)resorcinol 94751-34-5 C23H38O2
    (Z)-5-(heptadec-2-en-1-yl)resorcinol
    —— Imidazolium picrate 6011-29-6 C9H7N5O7
    Imidazolium picrate
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanol 1198054-48-6 C11H16O3
    1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanol
    —— 2-[4-(4-tert-butylbenzyloxy)-phenyl]-ethanol 1228930-64-0 C19H24O2
    2-[4-(4-tert-butylbenzyloxy)-phenyl]-ethanol
    —— (1S,5S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-one 1260495-45-1 C19H22O6
    (1S,5S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-one
    —— 4-chloro-2-(phenylamino)phenol 1262620-83-6 C12H10ClNO
    4-chloro-2-(phenylamino)phenol
    —— (1S,5S,7S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 1260495-48-4 C19H24O6
    (1S,5S,7S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-bromoethoxy)-4-methoxyphenol 1262778-72-2 C9H11BrO3
    3-(2-bromoethoxy)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[1-(Cyclopropylamino)ethyl]phenol hydrochloride 1258641-43-8 C11H16ClNO
    4-[1-(Cyclopropylamino)ethyl]phenol hydrochloride
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-{[(2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}phenol hydrochloride 1240568-44-8 C12H20ClNO2
    2-Methoxy-5-{[(2-methylpropyl)amino]methyl}phenol hydrochloride
    —— plakortolide S 1267675-58-0 C24H36O5
    plakortolide S
    —— 10-chloro-2,8-dihydroxyphenothiabismine-5,5-dioxide 1273386-57-4 C12H8BiClO4S
    10-chloro-2,8-dihydroxyphenothiabismine-5,5-dioxide
    —— plakortolide N 1267674-78-1 C26H40O5
    plakortolide N
    —— plakortolide M 1267674-60-1 C26H40O5
    plakortolide M
    —— 1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-3-(1H-pyrazol-5-ylmethyl)urea 1223741-21-6 C17H22N4O3
    1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-3-(1H-pyrazol-5-ylmethyl)urea
    —— (4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 1265908-22-2 C11H13NO4S
    (4S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
    —— [3]-paradol 53172-01-3 C14H20O3
    [3]-paradol
    —— 3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methoxyphenol 1026796-50-8 C7H6BrFO2
    3-Bromo-6-fluoro-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-Bromo-5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenol 1026796-60-0 C7H6BrFO2
    3-Bromo-5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyacetamide 1292285-61-0 C11H15NO3
    N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyacetamide
    —— N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]methanesulfonamide 1292285-65-4 C9H13NO3S
    N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]methanesulfonamide
    —— 4-fluoro-2-[(Z)-hex-2-enyl]phenol 1272609-94-5 C12H15FO
    4-fluoro-2-[(Z)-hex-2-enyl]phenol
    —— 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione 1257127-53-9 C20H18O7
    3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione
    —— 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]-2-(3,4-dimethylbenzyl)propyl pivalate 1258845-75-8 C26H34INO5
    3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]-2-(3,4-dimethylbenzyl)propyl pivalate
    —— 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]propyl pivalate 1258845-62-3 C28H38ClNO5
    2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]propyl pivalate
    —— N-(4-tert-butyl-benzyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 1258845-55-4 C20H24INO3
    N-(4-tert-butyl-benzyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-(2-(2-(2-(benzyloxy)phenoxy)ethylamino)ethoxy)benzene-1,3-diol 1255188-03-4 C23H25NO5
    2-(2-(2-(2-(benzyloxy)phenoxy)ethylamino)ethoxy)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-[2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]-2-(3,4-dimethylbenzyl)propyl pivalate 1258845-74-7 C26H34BrNO5
    3-[2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]-2-(3,4-dimethylbenzyl)propyl pivalate
    —— 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]propyl pivalate 1258845-63-4 C28H38BrNO5
    2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]propyl pivalate
    —— (E)-4-Pyridin-2-ylbut-3-en-2-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 133080-44-1 C15H14N4O8
    (E)-4-Pyridin-2-ylbut-3-en-2-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-(Benzenesulfonyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H,5H,6H,7H-thieno[3,2-B]pyridin-5-one 1228044-85-6 C20H17NO5S2
    3-(Benzenesulfonyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H,5H,6H,7H-thieno[3,2-B]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde 1261984-01-3 C11H8O2S
    4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde 1261951-86-3 C12H10O2S
    4-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde 1261946-66-0 C11H8O2S
    4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-(3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-YL)phenol 1261977-78-9 C11H11NO2
    3-(3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-YL)phenol
    —— 2-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)phenol 1261946-50-2 C11H11NO2
    2-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde 1261976-02-6 C12H10O2S
    4-(3-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)-2-methylphenol 1261966-77-1 C12H13NO2
    4-(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 2-Methyl-5-(thiophen-2-YL)phenol 1261985-12-9 C11H10OS
    2-Methyl-5-(thiophen-2-YL)phenol
    —— 3-(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)-5-methylphenol 1261966-81-7 C12H13NO2
    3-(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde 1261893-19-9 C12H10O2S
    4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde