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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-<5-<tris(hydroxymethyl)methylcarbamoyl>pentyl>-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzamide 121018-38-0 C18H27N3O8
    N-<5-<tris(hydroxymethyl)methylcarbamoyl>pentyl>-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodoacetophenone oxime 1202385-73-6 C8H7I2NO2
    4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodoacetophenone oxime
    —— 5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenol 1613299-21-0 C25H25NO3
    5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(3-<Furyl-(2)>-acryloyl)-2.4-dihydroxy-nitrobenzol 15462-54-1 C13H9NO6
    5-(3-<Furyl-(2)>-acryloyl)-2.4-dihydroxy-nitrobenzol
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid 4-[2-(3-iodo-propoxy)-ethyl]phenyl ester 890042-63-4 C16H23IO3
    2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid 4-[2-(3-iodo-propoxy)-ethyl]phenyl ester
    —— Norepinephrine d-bitartrate 69815-49-2 C12H19NO10
    Norepinephrine d-bitartrate
    —— 2,4-Difluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-YL)phenol 1451391-16-4 C12H15BF2O3
    2,4-Difluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-YL)phenol
    —— 144284-39-9 3C6H3N3O7*C15H20N6S
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-1-O-triisopropylsilyl-1,4-hydroquinone 211192-54-0 C17H30O4Si
    2,6-dimethoxy-1-O-triisopropylsilyl-1,4-hydroquinone
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-prop-1-enyl-acetat 61955-75-7 C12H14O3
    2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-prop-1-enyl-acetat
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)benzo-10-aza-15-crown-5 700375-36-6 C21H26N2O7
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)benzo-10-aza-15-crown-5
    —— 2-Nitro-4-n-propyl-sulfonyl-phenol 42800-28-2 C9H11NO5S
    2-Nitro-4-n-propyl-sulfonyl-phenol
    —— 4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetra(diethylaminomethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetra[(hydroxyethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]pentacyclo[19.3.1.1(3,7).1(9,13).1(15,19)]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene 1240587-71-6 C60H96N4O20P4
    4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetra(diethylaminomethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetra[(hydroxyethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]pentacyclo[19.3.1.1(3,7).1(9,13).1(15,19)]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene
    —— 1394252-26-6 C16H14N4O2
    —— 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 1311271-24-5 C8H7FO3
    5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— N-[3-carbamoyl-5-benzyl-thien-2-yl]3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide 383380-73-2 C20H18N2O4S
    N-[3-carbamoyl-5-benzyl-thien-2-yl]3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— (E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-(4-methylanilino)prop-2-enenitrile 1260250-22-3 C17H14N2O2
    (E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-(4-methylanilino)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— Zn((HOC6H4)4C20H8N4)(CH3C5H4N) 1261270-70-5 C50H35N5O4Zn
    Zn((HOC6H4)4C20H8N4)(CH3C5H4N)
    —— 6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 135663-17-1 C11H16N2O
    6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (C6H5)4SbONCHC6H3(OH)-2-Br-5 422310-78-9 C31H25BrNO2Sb
    (C6H5)4SbONCHC6H3(OH)-2-Br-5
    —— 125803-34-1 C11H11NO4
    —— 6,6'-(((2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)azanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) 1580487-90-6 C37H52N2O5
    6,6'-(((2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)azanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)
    —— methyl-(1S,2R,3S)-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(prop-1-yloxy)indane-2-carboxylate 190970-28-6 C28H28O7
    methyl-(1S,2R,3S)-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(prop-1-yloxy)indane-2-carboxylate
    —— 13936-86-2 C18H16Cl2F2N2O2
    —— 3,5-dibromo-1,2-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzene 109765-59-5 C8H8Br2O4
    3,5-dibromo-1,2-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzene
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(o-ethoxyphenylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 79571-66-7 C17H16N2O3S*ClH
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(o-ethoxyphenylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— 4-[(1e)-N-(2-{(e)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}ethyl)ethanimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 433940-70-6 C17H18N2O3
    4-[(1e)-N-(2-{(e)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}ethyl)ethanimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— piperidine-4-carboxylic acid vanillylidenehydrazide 101117-09-3 C14H19N3O3
    piperidine-4-carboxylic acid vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— (4-imidazolyl)methyliminopropylsalicylimide 116285-44-0 C14H16N4O
    (4-imidazolyl)methyliminopropylsalicylimide
    —— 4-(3-(4-((((5-bromopyridin-3-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2,6-dichlorophenol 1191247-84-3 C24H20BrCl2N5O2
    4-(3-(4-((((5-bromopyridin-3-yl)methyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2,6-dichlorophenol
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,6-diamino-3-azahexane 216772-98-4 C19H23N3O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,6-diamino-3-azahexane
    —— Salicylaldehyde-4-(2-pyridyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone 171781-96-7 C13H12N4OS
    Salicylaldehyde-4-(2-pyridyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2,4-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine 38370-04-6 C21H15N3O2
    2,4-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 3-hydroxy-6-propoxybenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile 75941-31-0 C11H10N2O2
    3-hydroxy-6-propoxybenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile
    —— 5-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1261922-24-0 C13H14O2S
    5-(4-Ethylthiophen-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)hydrazone 130890-80-1 C14H11N5O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)hydrazone
    —— 2-Fluoro-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261918-16-4 C11H9FOS
    2-Fluoro-5-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 64974-59-0 C20H25NO4
    —— (S)-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine 792950-09-5 C20H22N2O4
    (S)-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine
    —— 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2(3H)-one 84023-83-6 C18H13ClO4
    5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-ketobutyric acid 18398-71-5 C10H10O4
    4-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-ketobutyric acid
    —— 3-Iod-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 90003-98-8 C8H9IO3
    3-Iod-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 1-(2-(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)vinyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene 12300-69-5 C9H6N3O2S*Cl*Mn
    1-(2-(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)vinyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene
    —— 1-Benzoyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propen-(1) 19739-07-2 C17H16O3
    1-Benzoyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propen-(1)
    —— 1361117-98-7 C20H32O2Si
    —— (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 1360626-39-6 C20H16Br2O3
    (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone
    —— H2cd5Brsalpd 1239496-53-7 C17H21BrN2OS2
    H2cd5Brsalpd
    —— H2cd5Clsalpd 1239496-52-6 C17H21ClN2OS2
    H2cd5Clsalpd
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(3-methylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide 478401-20-6 C22H27NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(3-methylcyclohexan-1-yl)phenyl]benzenethanamide
    —— 3,3'-dinitro-bibenzyl-4,α,4',α'-tetraol 109563-12-4 C14H12N2O8
    3,3'-dinitro-bibenzyl-4,α,4',α'-tetraol