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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propanyl)-phenol 53667-10-0 C11H16O3
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propanyl)-phenol
    —— 4-[(2-iodo-3-methylbenzyl)oxy]phenol 398142-30-8 C14H13IO2
    4-[(2-iodo-3-methylbenzyl)oxy]phenol
    —— 1392488-21-9 C6H5O*C6H6O*C24H52N
    —— 2-Hydroxy-methoxamine 14722-93-1 C10H15NO3
    2-Hydroxy-methoxamine
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-6-imino-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-1-carbothioic acid p-tolylamide 132577-51-6 C21H21N5O2S2
    4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-6-imino-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-1-carbothioic acid p-tolylamide
    —— 4-Methylmercaptomethyl-pyrogallol-1.3-dimethylether 18738-49-3 C10H14O3S
    4-Methylmercaptomethyl-pyrogallol-1.3-dimethylether
    —— 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-methylphenol 256445-23-5 C19H24N4O
    2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— α,β-Dihydro-3'-azachalkon-pikrat 1746-46-9 C6H3N3O7*C14H13NO
    α,β-Dihydro-3'-azachalkon-pikrat
    —— 36024-87-0 C14H13NO2
    —— 3-(5-Carboxy-3-methyl-pent-2t-enyl)-2-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-toluol 31848-64-3 C16H22O5
    3-(5-Carboxy-3-methyl-pent-2t-enyl)-2-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-toluol
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl-aminomethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochinolin 39819-23-3 C18H22N2O2
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl-aminomethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochinolin
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenol 58721-42-9 C17H18N2O3
    5-methoxy-2-[5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenol
    —— α-ethyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde 116485-92-8 C12H14O3
    α-ethyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
    —— 6-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-heptane-2,3-diol 748152-08-1 C15H23BrO3
    6-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-heptane-2,3-diol
    —— 4-(1,2,4-triazol-5-ylazo)phenol 42379-16-8 C8H7N5O
    4-(1,2,4-triazol-5-ylazo)phenol
    —— N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)furan-3-carboxamide 1334920-24-9 C15H12N2O4S
    N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)furan-3-carboxamide
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-2-pentyl-phenol 52016-73-6 C11H14Cl2O
    4,5-Dichloro-2-pentyl-phenol
    —— 2-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-6-prop-2-en-1-ylphenol 1243544-33-3 C11H13BrO
    2-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-6-prop-2-en-1-ylphenol
    —— 4-[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzene-1,3-diol 1449522-06-8 C15H15NO5
    4-[(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1319148-00-9 C12H13N5O3S
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-2-heptyl-phenol 52118-46-4 C13H18Cl2O
    4,5-Dichloro-2-heptyl-phenol
    —— bis[(3-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)methoxy(D3)methylene5-oxy-adamantane]methane 898909-54-1 C37H42Cl2O6
    bis[(3-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)methoxy(D3)methylene5-oxy-adamantane]methane
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl azide 1319082-01-3 C7H4N4O4
    2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl azide
    —— 2,6-bis(((2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)-4-methylphenol 406911-11-3 C23H24N4O
    2,6-bis(((2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 5-(dodecyloxy)benzene-1,3-diol 60047-85-0 C18H30O3
    5-(dodecyloxy)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-salicylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-(2-chloro-benzylidenehydrazone) 109567-24-0 C17H12ClN3O2S
    5-salicylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-(2-chloro-benzylidenehydrazone)
    —— 4-Bromo-5-chloro-2-ethyl-phenol 52016-77-0 C8H8BrClO
    4-Bromo-5-chloro-2-ethyl-phenol
    —— (1E,3E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-butadiene 1206103-20-9 C17H15FO2
    (1E,3E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-butadiene
    —— <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenethyl)-<i>N</i>-methyl-acetamide 857945-41-6 C11H14N2O4
    <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenethyl)-<i>N</i>-methyl-acetamide
    —— N-(4'-benzo-15-crown-5)-5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenylaldimine 768385-52-0 C21H24BrNO6
    N-(4'-benzo-15-crown-5)-5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenylaldimine
    —— bis-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)salicylaldiminato cobalt(II) 781642-02-2 C26H20CoN2O4
    bis-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)salicylaldiminato cobalt(II)
    —— {3-[4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-2-hydroxy-propyl}-isopropyl-carbamic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester 111823-09-7 C21H32ClNO5
    {3-[4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-2-hydroxy-propyl}-isopropyl-carbamic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester
    —— 2,2'-di(tetrahydroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene) 1435475-64-1 C88H110O8
    2,2'-di(tetrahydroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene)
    —— 2-(2-chloro-acetylamino)-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid amide 72406-65-6 C15H16ClN3O3
    2-(2-chloro-acetylamino)-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-4-methyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid amide
    —— (2-benzimidazolylmethyl)bis-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)amine 155797-29-8 C22H19N5O6
    (2-benzimidazolylmethyl)bis-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)amine
    —— 5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-N,N-dipentyl-hydrazin 93737-06-5 C17H27N3O3
    5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-N,N-dipentyl-hydrazin
    —— 2-(4-Acetamino-benzolsulfonylmethyl)-4-nitro-phenol 5804-32-0 C15H14N2O6S
    2-(4-Acetamino-benzolsulfonylmethyl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-Methoxymethoxymethyl-benzene-1,4-diol 39510-89-9 C9H12O4
    2-Methoxymethoxymethyl-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3-[5-(dipropylamino)-4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]-2,4-dimethylphenol 869887-29-6 C20H29N3O2
    3-[5-(dipropylamino)-4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]-2,4-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-azatricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca-2(7),3,5,9-tetraene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 119754-52-8 C6H3N3O7*C10H9N
    4-azatricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca-2(7),3,5,9-tetraene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione 54440-22-1 C13H12O4
    4-(2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione
    —— N-nitroso-N-(3-keto-1,2-butanediol)-3'-nitrotyramine 171828-11-8 C12H15N3O7
    N-nitroso-N-(3-keto-1,2-butanediol)-3'-nitrotyramine
    —— ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-iodo-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate 1446864-78-3 C20H21IO5
    ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-iodo-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate
    —— 93981-28-3 C6H4ClNNaO6S
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-tetradecyl-phenol 148173-57-3 C21H36O2
    2-Methoxy-6-tetradecyl-phenol
    —— N-(p-Brom-benzyliden)-o-hydroxy-benzylamin 10358-87-9 C14H12BrNO
    N-(p-Brom-benzyliden)-o-hydroxy-benzylamin
    —— 3-[di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-4-[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]phenol 1033224-28-0 C26H34N2OSi
    3-[di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-4-[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]phenol
    —— 2-amino-4-chloro-6-fluorophenol 862699-26-1 C6H5ClFNO
    2-amino-4-chloro-6-fluorophenol
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(4-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>m</i>-phenylene)-bis-acetamide 855839-07-5 C10H11N3O5
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(4-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>m</i>-phenylene)-bis-acetamide
    —— 1276063-50-3 C73H92N4P2PtSi