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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Bromomethyl-5-nitro-phenol 180628-75-5 C7H6BrNO3
    3-Bromomethyl-5-nitro-phenol
    —— 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-resorcinol 99172-74-4 C10H14O2
    4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-resorcinol
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-N-trifluoroethylaniline 811802-78-5 C10H12F3NO3
    2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-N-trifluoroethylaniline
    —— 4-Methyl-2-(2-acetoxy-phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-1-carbonsaeureethylester 94754-03-7 C17H21NO4
    4-Methyl-2-(2-acetoxy-phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-1-carbonsaeureethylester
    —— 1-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-3-isopropyl-urea 56443-45-9 C14H23N3O3
    1-{2-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-3-isopropyl-urea
    —— <15N,18O>-p-nitrophenol 161321-59-1 C6H5NO3
    <15N,18O>-p-nitrophenol
    —— N-Methyl-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon 19266-33-2 C15H14N4O6
    N-Methyl-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyd>-2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazon
    —— 2-Chloro-4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]pyrimidine 1185999-61-4 C14H15ClN2O3
    2-Chloro-4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]pyrimidine
    —— 1-(2-Aminopropyl)-1,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-6-ol 518360-17-3 C13H15N3O
    1-(2-Aminopropyl)-1,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-6-ol
    —— 3-Chloro-5-(4-ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol 1261951-64-7 C12H11ClOS
    3-Chloro-5-(4-ethylthiophen-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-[5-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-pyran-2-one 56364-35-3 C21H18N2O4
    4-hydroxy-3-[5-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,2'-((((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-ethynylphenol) 1260515-12-5 C24H22N2O2
    2,2'-((((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-ethynylphenol)
    —— 142274-52-0 C21H15ClN6O7
    —— 1-(4-(iodomethyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)piperidin-1-ium iodide 1160429-21-9 C9H15INS2*I
    1-(4-(iodomethyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)piperidin-1-ium iodide
    —— 2,2'-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(3-methoxyphenol) 1351526-01-6 C18H24N2O4
    2,2'-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(3-methoxyphenol)
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-(((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 116808-16-3 C11H8Br2N2O2
    2,4-dibromo-6-(((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 91291-03-1 C16H16BrN3OS
    2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-phenol 853567-34-7 C9H9N3O2S
    2-(5-Amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1-dichloroacetyl-3-(3',5'-dinitro-4'-hydroxy) phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazine 119837-45-5 C12H10Cl2N4O6
    1-dichloroacetyl-3-(3',5'-dinitro-4'-hydroxy) phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazine
    —— 4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-diiodo-λ4-tellanyl]-2-methylphenol 78106-51-1 C14H14I2O2Te
    4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-diiodo-λ4-tellanyl]-2-methylphenol
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-5,8-dione 917567-24-9 C15H12O8
    (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-5,8-dione
    —— 6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7H-thiazolo-[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-one 1233519-31-7 C18H13N3O3S
    6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7H-thiazolo-[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-one
    —— N,N'-bis(6-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1334545-35-5 C28H40N2O4
    N,N'-bis(6-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenaethyl)-2-(2-brom-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-acetamid 54370-02-4 C19H22BrNO5
    N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenaethyl)-2-(2-brom-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-acetamid
    —— 4-[(3-Chloroanilino)(sulfanyl)methylidene]-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 221099-08-7 C13H10ClNO2S
    4-[(3-Chloroanilino)(sulfanyl)methylidene]-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 5-Salicylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dithione 98664-26-7 C10H7NOS3
    5-Salicylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dithione
    —— 6-[(2E)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 797798-46-0 C12H12N4O3
    6-[(2E)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[[2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4,5-dimethylphenyl]iminomethyl]phenol 1206733-01-8 C22H18Br2N2O2
    4-Bromo-2-[[2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4,5-dimethylphenyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-Methyl-4-octadecylresorcinol 21093-25-4 C25H44O2
    2-Methyl-4-octadecylresorcinol
    —— 6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)amino]hexanoyl azide 121018-26-6 C14H17N5O5
    6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)amino]hexanoyl azide
    —— 1310456-63-3 C6H5Br*C44H56O4
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]dihydro- 87816-36-2 C11H10O4
    2(3H)-Furanone, 3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]dihydro-
    —— 3-(2-Methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol 1261942-52-2 C11H10OS
    3-(2-Methylthiophen-3-yl)phenol
    —— 1131688-11-3 C14H26O2Si2
    —— 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 5198-33-4 C14H10ClN3O5
    5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 2-Oxo-3,4-dimethyl-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin 108239-59-4 C14H20N2O2
    2-Oxo-3,4-dimethyl-6-<2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl>-hexahydropyrimidin
    —— 2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-nitroso-phenol 861619-59-2 C9H11NO2
    2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-nitroso-phenol
    —— N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-3,6,9-trioxa-1,11-undecanediamine 185414-37-3 C22H28N2O5
    N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-3,6,9-trioxa-1,11-undecanediamine
    —— 5-bromosalicylidene-4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine-5-one 1267892-26-1 C10H7BrN4O2S
    5-bromosalicylidene-4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine-5-one
    —— 1-(3-Methyl-butyl)-2-oxy-3-methoxy-benzol 15116-09-3 C12H18O2
    1-(3-Methyl-butyl)-2-oxy-3-methoxy-benzol
    —— Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetate 1158715-48-0 C12H16O6
    Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,13-tridecanediamine 1334545-49-1 C29H42N2O4
    N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,13-tridecanediamine
    —— 3-carboxy-5,7-dinitrotropolone 135345-73-2 C8H4N2O8
    3-carboxy-5,7-dinitrotropolone
    —— N-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-nitropropanamine 77008-36-7 C17H18N2O4
    N-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-nitropropanamine
    —— 5-Chloro-N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-thiobenzamide 106480-76-6 C13H9Cl2NOS
    5-Chloro-N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-thiobenzamide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pentyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole 301199-57-5 C13H16N2OS
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pentyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-methyl-2-pyridylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 79571-74-7 C15H13N3O2S*ClH
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-methyl-2-pyridylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— nickel(II) 2,2'-(6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)diphenolate 106233-58-3 C21H13N3O3*Ni
    nickel(II) 2,2'-(6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)diphenolate
    —— 3-((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-4-((pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione 945027-65-6 C16H12ClN3O3
    3-((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-4-((pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione
    —— 4-Chloro-2-(3-methylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol 17733-46-9 C10H13ClOS
    4-Chloro-2-(3-methylsulfanyl-propyl)-phenol