摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-hexyl-4,6-diiodophenol 364068-89-3 C12H16I2O
    2-hexyl-4,6-diiodophenol
    —— {Co(II)-(gallacetophenone phenylhydrazone)2} 125920-90-3 C28H26CoN4O6
    {Co(II)-(gallacetophenone phenylhydrazone)2}
    —— (4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2<i>H</i>-pyran-3-yl)-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2<i>H</i>-pyran-3-yl)-methane 100886-96-2 C14H14O6
    (4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2<i>H</i>-pyran-3-yl)-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2<i>H</i>-pyran-3-yl)-methane
    —— 2,2'-Dihydroxy-dibenzyldisulfid 55116-33-1 C14H14O2S2
    2,2'-Dihydroxy-dibenzyldisulfid
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-[(triisopropylsilyl)oxy]phenol 627872-64-4 C18H32O5Si
    5-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-[(triisopropylsilyl)oxy]phenol
    —— 4-{[(E)-4,5-Bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 89405-43-6 C23H16Cl2N2O2S
    4-{[(E)-4,5-Bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1,3-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)azulen-5-ol 1187945-55-6 C22H30B2O5
    1,3-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)azulen-5-ol
    —— (E)-2-(3-hydroxy-2-nitroprop-1-enyl)-3-methoxyphenol 1255037-10-5 C10H11NO5
    (E)-2-(3-hydroxy-2-nitroprop-1-enyl)-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol 135605-52-6 C23H36N2OS
    4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl)-2-phenyl-4H-oxazol-5-one 51954-68-8 C17H15NO4
    4-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl)-2-phenyl-4H-oxazol-5-one
    —— 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone 1427161-66-7 C19H16N4O2S
    1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone
    —— 1361317-33-0 C17H14O4
    —— 2-(2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide 81038-52-0 C18H20ClNO5
    2-(2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide
    —— 1<i>H</i>-pyrazole; picrate 98590-16-0 C3H4N2*C6H3N3O7
    1<i>H</i>-pyrazole; picrate
    —— N-Benzyl-N'-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionyl]piperazine 125789-44-8 C20H24N2O3
    N-Benzyl-N'-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionyl]piperazine
    —— trans-4-[N-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 81519-08-6 C15H19NO3
    trans-4-[N-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— N-(3,5-dichlorosalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline 1000414-95-8 C24H19Cl2NO3
    N-(3,5-dichlorosalicylidene)-3-[bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl]aniline
    —— 1338329-06-8 C22H24N2O2S
    —— 1014629-00-5 C14H11BrN2O2
    —— Ni(II){4-(6-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+) 102678-68-2 C24H22N6NiO4
    Ni(II){4-(6-methyl-2-pyridylazo)resorcinol}2(2+)
    —— 2-(3-(1-butenyl))-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 132803-46-4 C11H12O3
    2-(3-(1-butenyl))-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 5(4-p-methylphenyl-1-methylbutyl) resorcinol 54540-55-5 C18H22O2
    5(4-p-methylphenyl-1-methylbutyl) resorcinol
    —— 5,6-dihydro-2-o-hydroxyphenyl-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-one-4-acetic acid hydrazide 141213-02-7 C11H12N4O4
    5,6-dihydro-2-o-hydroxyphenyl-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-one-4-acetic acid hydrazide
    —— 4-[[2-[[2-[[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methyl]-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]disulfanyl]-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]methyliminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol 124307-95-5 C34H36N2O8S2
    4-[[2-[[2-[[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]methyl]-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]disulfanyl]-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]methyliminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-iodo-4-methoxyphenethyl acetate 1246457-08-8 C11H13IO3
    3-iodo-4-methoxyphenethyl acetate
    —— 2-(1-isobutylprop-2-enyl)phenol 87512-65-0 C13H18O
    2-(1-isobutylprop-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol 1613299-17-4 C24H23NO3
    5-[5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl]-4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (4-hydroxyphenyl)cyanamide 61700-59-2 C7H6N2O
    (4-hydroxyphenyl)cyanamide
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(methyldiazenyl)-phenol 71482-32-1 C9H12N2O
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-(methyldiazenyl)-phenol
    —— α-<4-(4-Iod-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazono>-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-toluol 92550-53-3 C15H14IN3O2S
    α-<4-(4-Iod-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazono>-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-toluol
    —— (4-Chlor-benzyl)-(3,6-dichlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-sulfon 96460-44-5 C13H9Cl3O3S
    (4-Chlor-benzyl)-(3,6-dichlor-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-sulfon
    —— 4,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3a<i>H</i>-isoxazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>]pyridin-3-one 113062-69-4 C20H20N2O6
    4,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3a<i>H</i>-isoxazolo[4,3-<i>c</i>]pyridin-3-one
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(2-(4-ethylidenecyclohexyl)acetyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224684-10-9 C22H27ClN2O3
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(2-(4-ethylidenecyclohexyl)acetyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-[(1,3-propylene)dioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1130479-24-1 C17H16Cl2N2O4
    4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-[(1,3-propylene)dioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— Acetic acid 1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl ester 57404-58-7 C11H13BrO4
    Acetic acid 1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl ester
    —— 3-Methyl-4-octylamino-phenol 55773-59-6 C15H25NO
    3-Methyl-4-octylamino-phenol
    —— 4,5,11,16,17,23-Hexamethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 130147-88-5 C34H36O4
    4,5,11,16,17,23-Hexamethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— 9-<3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-bis-desundecyl-anhydro-vilangin 1105-14-2 C20H12O9
    9-<3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-bis-desundecyl-anhydro-vilangin
    —— 2-[(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-ylimino)-methyl]-phenol 1085234-29-2 C12H12N2O2
    2-[(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-ylimino)-methyl]-phenol
    —— 2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1426400-33-0 C12H11N3O4
    2-((3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3,3-dichloro-1-(6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 1255860-61-7 C12H12Cl2O5
    3,3-dichloro-1-(6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 5-(2-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione 32058-80-3 C15H11N3O2S
    5-(2-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione
    —— (2Z,4E,6E)-1-(5-Allyloxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-octa-2,4,6-trien-1-one 110295-45-9 C17H18O4
    (2Z,4E,6E)-1-(5-Allyloxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-octa-2,4,6-trien-1-one
    —— 2-(3-fluoroanilino)-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1012334-34-7 C17H13FN2O3S
    2-(3-fluoroanilino)-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone 378780-67-7 C13H13BrN4O3
    5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone
    —— 1-ethyl-1-(2-hydroxy-phenoxy)-2-methyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-1λ5-phosphol-1-ol 61441-41-6 C13H19O3P
    1-ethyl-1-(2-hydroxy-phenoxy)-2-methyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-1λ5-phosphol-1-ol
    —— 2-(3-ethyl-1-isobutylpent-2-enyl)phenol 87512-71-8 C17H26O
    2-(3-ethyl-1-isobutylpent-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 4-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1033724-84-3 C13H9N3O2
    4-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]acrylic acid benzyl ester 1232866-84-0 C18H18O4
    3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]acrylic acid benzyl ester
    —— 4,4',6,6'-tetrabromo-2,2'-[(ethylenedioxy)bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1107064-59-4 C16H12Br4N2O4
    4,4',6,6'-tetrabromo-2,2'-[(ethylenedioxy)bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol