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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-(3-allyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one 56872-17-4 C13H14N2O2
    6-(3-allyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one
    —— N,N’-bis(5-methoxysalicylidene)diethylenetriamine 1242612-37-8 C20H25N3O4
    N,N’-bis(5-methoxysalicylidene)diethylenetriamine
    —— Benzothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex 130382-67-1 C6H4N2O5*C7H5NS
    Benzothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex
    —— 2,6-bis-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-bromophenol 121058-38-6 C12H5BrF12O3
    2,6-bis-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— 4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol 115167-54-9 C9H6F6O4
    4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-6-bromophenol 121058-35-3 C9H5BrF6O2
    2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-6-bromophenol
    —— 1-[1-[3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl][cyclohexyl]]-4-piperidinol 1372710-25-2 C18H27NO2
    1-[1-[3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl][cyclohexyl]]-4-piperidinol
    —— 6-acetoxymercury(II) 2-nitrophenol 858014-06-9 C8H7HgNO5
    6-acetoxymercury(II) 2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(1-(2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)phenol 1186014-26-5 C16H13ClN4OS
    2-(1-(2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzal-methylbenzylhydrazin 92852-70-5 C15H15N3O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzal-methylbenzylhydrazin
    —— 1,3-bis[2′-hydroxy-5′-chloro-4′-methylbenzyl]imidazolidine 943967-48-4 C19H22Cl2N2O2
    1,3-bis[2′-hydroxy-5′-chloro-4′-methylbenzyl]imidazolidine
    —— tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2,4-dinitrophenolate 34049-31-5 C6H4N2O5*C6H15NO3
    tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2,4-dinitrophenolate
    —— butylbis(N-salicylidene-3-aminopropyl)amine 97390-85-7 C24H33N3O2
    butylbis(N-salicylidene-3-aminopropyl)amine
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol 115167-57-2 C10H8F6O3
    5-methoxy-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[(3-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)guanidino)methyl]-3-hydroxyphenyl pivalate 1108717-29-8 C16H25N5O3
    4-[(3-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)guanidino)methyl]-3-hydroxyphenyl pivalate
    —— 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1224637-11-9 C16H12Br2Cl2N2O4
    4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— 2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-5-fluorophenol 121058-36-4 C9H5F7O2
    2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-5-fluorophenol
    —— {V(bis(vanillin)triethylenetetramine)Cl2}Cl 115258-87-2 C22H30Cl2N4O4V*Cl
    {V(bis(vanillin)triethylenetetramine)Cl2}Cl
    —— 2-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane-1,3-diol 143331-88-8 C12H17NO3
    2-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane-1,3-diol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole 4702-96-9 C15H14N2O
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
    —— 2-{[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol 68322-96-3 C13H19NO4
    2-{[1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol
    —— 80027-28-7 2C6H4N2O5*C12H24O6
    —— silver salt of 2,4-dinitrophenol 82816-20-4 Ag*C6H3N2O5
    silver salt of 2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— 2-Amino-4-methylthiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex 130382-65-9 C4H6N2S*C6H4N2O5
    2-Amino-4-methylthiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex
    —— bis(2-hydroxyanil)acetylacetone 29664-89-9 C17H18N2O2
    bis(2-hydroxyanil)acetylacetone
    —— (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-furan-2-yl-methanone oxime 97034-90-7 C12H10ClNO3
    (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-furan-2-yl-methanone oxime
    —— 2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-6-chlorophenol 121076-13-9 C9H5ClF6O2
    2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-6-chlorophenol
    —— 2,4-dinitro-phenol; compound with diethylamine 51503-41-4 C4H11N*C6H4N2O5
    2,4-dinitro-phenol; compound with diethylamine
    —— 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethylsilanediyl-di-phenol 17964-50-0 C16H20O2Si
    3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethylsilanediyl-di-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-4-nitrobenzylamine 309965-29-5 C8H10N2O3
    2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-4-nitrobenzylamine
    —— N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine 188482-90-8 C21H26N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine
    —— 2-Amino-4-methylbenzothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex 130382-73-9 C6H4N2O5*C8H8N2S
    2-Amino-4-methylbenzothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex
    —— Zn(II)-[meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin] 156822-17-2 C52H44N4O12Zn
    Zn(II)-[meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin]
    —— <i>m</i>-phenylenediamine; compound with 2.4-dinitro-phenol 78577-10-3 C6H4N2O5*C6H8N2
    <i>m</i>-phenylenediamine; compound with 2.4-dinitro-phenol
    —— 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-tert-butylpropargylic alcohol 1322775-87-0 C13H16O2
    1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-tert-butylpropargylic alcohol
    —— 2-{(E)-[2-(bromoethyl)imino]methyl}-4-bromophenol 1312933-68-8 C9H9Br2NO
    2-{(E)-[2-(bromoethyl)imino]methyl}-4-bromophenol
    —— (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)(furan-2-yl)methanone O-acetyl oxime 97035-09-1 C14H12ClNO4
    (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)(furan-2-yl)methanone O-acetyl oxime
    —— 2-Amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex 130382-75-1 C6H4N2O5*C7H5N3O2S
    2-Amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex
    —— {V(bis(salicyldehyde)triethylenetetramine)Cl2}Cl 115287-85-9 C20H26Cl2N4O2V*Cl
    {V(bis(salicyldehyde)triethylenetetramine)Cl2}Cl
    —— 2,6-di(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-methylphenol 116043-15-3 C13H8F12O3
    2,6-di(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-nitro-2-((octadecylimino)methyl)phenol 86904-85-0 C25H42N2O3
    4-nitro-2-((octadecylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-chlorophenol 66068-14-2 C9H5ClF6O2
    2-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-chlorophenol
    —— Thiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex 130382-58-0 C3H3NS*C6H4N2O5
    Thiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex
    —— Zn(II)-[meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin] 203190-81-2 C48H36N4O8Zn
    Zn(II)-[meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin]
    —— 2-{(E)-[2-(chloroethyl)imino]methyl}-4-bromophenol 1448640-68-3 C9H9BrClNO
    2-{(E)-[2-(chloroethyl)imino]methyl}-4-bromophenol
    —— 2-(1-(2-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)phenol 1186014-24-3 C16H14N4OS
    2-(1-(2-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-methyl-4-pentenyl)-phenol 111094-72-5 C12H16O
    2-(4-methyl-4-pentenyl)-phenol
    —— 2-iodo-4-fluoro-6-nitrophenol 58349-03-4 C6H3FINO3
    2-iodo-4-fluoro-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2,4-di-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-5-methylphenol 122134-89-8 C13H8F12O3
    2,4-di-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-Aminothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex 130382-63-7 C3H4N2S*C6H4N2O5
    2-Aminothiazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol CT complex