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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide 88848-04-8 C14H12IN3O5S
    N-[(2-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
    —— N-Acetyl-1'-<sup>14</sup>C-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenaethylamin-α,β-<sup>3</sup>H 35191-14-1 C12H17NO4
    N-Acetyl-1'-<sup>14</sup>C-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenaethylamin-α,β-<sup>3</sup>H
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)cyclohex-1-ene 17960-09-7 C13H16O
    3-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)cyclohex-1-ene
    —— α-(5-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylthio)-essigsaeure 50434-11-2 C9H9NO5S
    α-(5-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylthio)-essigsaeure
    —— 4-isopropoxy-2,3-dimethyl-phenol 1253969-92-4 C11H16O2
    4-isopropoxy-2,3-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-l,3-bis[3'-aza-4'-(2'',4''-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-4'-en-1'-yl]-1,3-imidazolidine 1410782-51-2 C27H30N4O6
    2-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-l,3-bis[3'-aza-4'-(2'',4''-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-4'-en-1'-yl]-1,3-imidazolidine
    —— 2-Methyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylthioacetat 37462-17-2 C11H14O2S
    2-Methyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylthioacetat
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone 1155202-86-0 C15H14O2
    3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone
    —— Anilinium-2.4-dinitrophenolat 7262-19-3 C6H4N2O5*C6H7N
    Anilinium-2.4-dinitrophenolat
    —— (S,E)-3-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1314500-96-3 C15H15NO2
    (S,E)-3-((1-phenylethylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-iodo-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methylphenol 1414861-31-6 C9H11IO3
    5-iodo-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2,6-dinitro-resorcinol 4602-57-7 C7H6N2O7
    4-methoxy-2,6-dinitro-resorcinol
    —— 2-[1-(3-aminopentylimino)ethyl]phenol 1145778-79-5 C13H20N2O
    2-[1-(3-aminopentylimino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl diethylcarbamate 1445899-19-3 C12H17NO4
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl diethylcarbamate
    —— 3-Methyl-5-di-n-propylamino-phenol 60567-66-0 C13H21NO
    3-Methyl-5-di-n-propylamino-phenol
    —— 3-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)propan-1-one 910639-79-1 C24H32O2S
    3-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— (E)-4-methoxy-2-[(3-methyl )-3-pentenyl]phenol 1383253-03-9 C13H18O2
    (E)-4-methoxy-2-[(3-methyl )-3-pentenyl]phenol
    —— methyl 4-<2-hydroxy-5-(2-propenyloxy)phenyl>-7,9-dioxa-2-decenoate 126666-04-4 C18H24O6
    methyl 4-<2-hydroxy-5-(2-propenyloxy)phenyl>-7,9-dioxa-2-decenoate
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2-(5-methoxypent-4-enyl)phenol 1448775-00-5 C14H20O4
    3,5-dimethoxy-2-(5-methoxypent-4-enyl)phenol
    —— (3aS,4S,7aS)-4-[2-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-inden-1-one 138548-77-3 C20H28O2
    (3aS,4S,7aS)-4-[2-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-inden-1-one
    —— 2-[1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]guanidine 239472-56-1 C9H12N4O
    2-[1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]guanidine
    —— {(2,2'-bipyridine)(2-(2-mercaptophenyl)iminophenoxy-5-Br)}zinc(II) 147186-62-7 C23H16BrN3OSZn
    {(2,2'-bipyridine)(2-(2-mercaptophenyl)iminophenoxy-5-Br)}zinc(II)
    —— Dithiophosphoric acid S-[3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl] ester O,O'-dimethyl ester 17777-32-1 C11H17O3PS2
    Dithiophosphoric acid S-[3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl] ester O,O'-dimethyl ester
    —— 2-Indanamin-gentisat 4800-30-0 C7H6O4*C9H11N
    2-Indanamin-gentisat
    —— (R/S) isobutyl p-hydroxymandelate 136205-56-6 C12H16O4
    (R/S) isobutyl p-hydroxymandelate
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-acrylamide 13579-29-8 C10H10N2O4
    N-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-acrylamide
    —— {(LH)2Mn2(μ-OH)}(ClO4) 137203-58-8 C40H51Mn2N4O7*ClO4
    {(LH)2Mn2(μ-OH)}(ClO4)
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)phenol 1382679-74-4 C16H17NO3
    4-methoxy-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— 2,4,6-triiodo-3-pentadecylphenol 912360-91-9 C21H33I3O
    2,4,6-triiodo-3-pentadecylphenol
    —— 2-methyl-5-(4-pyridinio)isoxazolidinium dipicrate 132326-42-2 2C6H3N3O7*C9H12N2O
    2-methyl-5-(4-pyridinio)isoxazolidinium dipicrate
    —— 2-(Azepane-1-carbonyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzonitrile 1202894-37-8 C15H18N2O3
    2-(Azepane-1-carbonyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzonitrile
    —— rac-methyl 4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-9-norlignan-9'-oate 119030-63-6 C21H24O7
    rac-methyl 4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-9-norlignan-9'-oate
    —— 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-{1,1-dimethyl-2-[4-octylsulfanyl-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ylamino)-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino]-ethyl}-phenol 66009-69-6 C38H66N6OS
    2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-{1,1-dimethyl-2-[4-octylsulfanyl-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ylamino)-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— 71417-43-1 C18H21N3O2*Cl4Th
    —— 2,3-dimethyl-4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]phenol 958463-36-0 C14H24O2Si
    2,3-dimethyl-4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]phenol
    —— 2-(2-Bromo-2-nitroethenyl)-6-methoxyphenol 117672-31-8 C9H8BrNO4
    2-(2-Bromo-2-nitroethenyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 6-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-benzaldehyde 1320259-50-4 C16H15ClO4
    6-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-benzaldehyde
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxypyrylium cation 73761-43-0 C8H11O2
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxypyrylium cation
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-tetradecan-1-one oxime 143286-68-4 C21H35NO3
    1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-tetradecan-1-one oxime
    —— 1443525-04-9 C15H22BrN3OS
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionic acid methyl ester 30512-75-5 C11H14O3S
    3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-[(Z)-Cyclopropyliminomethyl]-phenol 958263-57-5 C10H11NO
    2-[(Z)-Cyclopropyliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— 4-[(E)-3-cyclohexyl-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol 1035694-91-7 C15H19NO3
    4-[(E)-3-cyclohexyl-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 4,6-bis[1-(benzylimino)ethyl]resorcinol 1044138-26-2 C24H24N2O2
    4,6-bis[1-(benzylimino)ethyl]resorcinol
    —— 7-(2,3-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-heptanal 81464-90-6 C13H18O3
    7-(2,3-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-heptanal
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile 79257-63-9 C15H16N2O3
    4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2-<4.6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl>-benzochinon-(1.4) 93944-39-9 C13H10O5
    5-Hydroxy-2-<4.6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl>-benzochinon-(1.4)
    —— 4-(3-octyloxybutyl)phenol 1338831-53-0 C18H30O2
    4-(3-octyloxybutyl)phenol
    —— 4,5-dihexynyl-2-methoxyphenol 108213-92-9 C19H24O2
    4,5-dihexynyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-3-tricosyl-phenol 144464-90-4 C30H54O2
    2-Methoxy-3-tricosyl-phenol