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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,4-Bis(2,4-dihydroxy-5-hexylphenyl)-6-phenyl-s-triazine 176843-67-7 C33H39N3O4
    2,4-Bis(2,4-dihydroxy-5-hexylphenyl)-6-phenyl-s-triazine
    —— N-Allyl-N-furfuryl-m-chloroaniline picrate 95124-53-1 C6H3N3O7*C14H14ClNO
    N-Allyl-N-furfuryl-m-chloroaniline picrate
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>m</i>-phenylene)-bis-acetamide 855884-54-7 C10H11N3O5
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>m</i>-phenylene)-bis-acetamide
    —— N-cyano-N'-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanimidamide 736946-74-0 C11H13N3O2
    N-cyano-N'-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanimidamide
    —— 3-Methyl-8-(3,4-dihydroxy)benzalamino-3,8-diazabicyclo-2,4-dion 38074-29-2 C14H15N3O4
    3-Methyl-8-(3,4-dihydroxy)benzalamino-3,8-diazabicyclo-2,4-dion
    —— 1016638-53-1 C12H13F3O4
    —— N,N'-bis(5-methylsalicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine 255819-78-4 C22H20N2O2
    N,N'-bis(5-methylsalicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine
    —— 4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-selenadiazole 942222-86-8 C8H6N2O2Se
    4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-selenadiazole
    —— dibutyl [(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate 1333496-60-8 C23H30BrN2O5PS
    dibutyl [(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phosphonate
    —— 2-azido-5-nitrophenol 33354-57-3 C6H4N4O3
    2-azido-5-nitrophenol
    —— 6-methoxy-2-(2-amino-3-pyridyliminomethyl)phenol 376355-01-0 C13H13N3O2
    6-methoxy-2-(2-amino-3-pyridyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazinecarboximidamide hydroiodide 119151-50-7 C7H10N4O*HI
    N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazinecarboximidamide hydroiodide
    —— CF3CH2F inclusion complex with calix[4]arene 468054-41-3 C2H2F4*C28H24O4
    CF3CH2F inclusion complex with calix[4]arene
    —— 1567543-61-6 C11H17N3O
    —— 1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid 2-[(Z)-(3-ethoxy-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]hydrazide 957297-06-2 C14H15N5O5
    1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid 2-[(Z)-(3-ethoxy-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]hydrazide
    —— N-oxyphenolindophenol 46700-12-3 C12H9NO3
    N-oxyphenolindophenol
    —— 4-<4-Aethoxy-butyl>-2,5-dimethyl-phenol 3742-73-2 C14H22O2
    4-<4-Aethoxy-butyl>-2,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one 346633-49-6 C11H8N2O5
    4-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[(E)-pyridin-4-yliminomethyl]-phenol 115820-17-2 C12H9ClN2O
    4-Chloro-2-[(E)-pyridin-4-yliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— 6,6'-((dodecane-1,12-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenol) 1616385-25-1 C26H34Cl2N2O2
    6,6'-((dodecane-1,12-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenol)
    —— 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin manganese(III) acetate 1309224-47-2 C46H31MnN4O10
    5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin manganese(III) acetate
    —— S-<2-<(ethylthio)methyl>phenyl>thiuronium picrate 95676-00-9 C6H3N3O7*C11H16N2S2
    S-<2-<(ethylthio)methyl>phenyl>thiuronium picrate
    —— 4'-O-Methylgrevillin B 104555-06-8 C19H14O7
    4'-O-Methylgrevillin B
    —— 3-isopropoxy-5-(triisopropylsilyloxy)phenol 1622988-51-5 C18H32O3Si
    3-isopropoxy-5-(triisopropylsilyloxy)phenol
    —— benzene-1,4-diol;1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea 87448-54-2 C5H12N2O*C6H6O2
    benzene-1,4-diol;1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea
    —— N-[acetamido-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]acetamide 129216-66-6 C11H14N2O3
    N-[acetamido-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]acetamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-benzaldoxime O-methyl ether 855362-15-1 C8H9NO2
    4-hydroxy-benzaldoxime O-methyl ether
    —— 3-{6-{[2-(3-hydroxy-4-metoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-3-[(4-methyl-1-benzothien-3-ylmethyl)]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}propanoic acid 1090899-34-5 C30H29N3O6S
    3-{6-{[2-(3-hydroxy-4-metoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-3-[(4-methyl-1-benzothien-3-ylmethyl)]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}propanoic acid
    —— (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetoxime methyl ketone 54758-74-6 C9H11NO2
    (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetoxime methyl ketone
    —— 2-Hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethylphenol 66487-40-9 C11H16O3
    2-Hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-3,5,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hexane-2,4-dione 1050500-83-8 C12H14O4
    6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)hexane-2,4-dione
    —— N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(2-(phenylthiomethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide 1374511-04-2 C24H22N4O3S
    N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(2-(phenylthiomethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-methylphenol 1574323-20-8 C14H21N3O
    2-((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-iodo-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzamide 473731-53-2 C9H9IN2O4
    2-hydroxy-5-iodo-N,N-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 685142-59-0 C8H8Cl2O3
    2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 3,3'-(4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one) 134667-73-5 C27H26N2O6S2
    3,3'-(4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one)
    —— 4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide 326006-78-4 C16H12N4O5S2
    4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide
    —— (1R,5S)-3-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-thionia-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane; chloride 89706-19-4 C14H19O2S*Cl
    (1R,5S)-3-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-thionia-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane; chloride
    —— Dimethylbis-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-silan 18407-26-6 C14H16O2Si
    Dimethylbis-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-silan
    —— 2'-Acetoxyolivetol 76280-66-5 C13H18O4
    2'-Acetoxyolivetol
    —— 123180-81-4 C22H20CdCl2N8O2S4
    —— 4-(2-thiazolyl)-1-(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)thiosemicarbazone 122258-92-8 C11H10N4OS2
    4-(2-thiazolyl)-1-(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)thiosemicarbazone
    —— 3,3'-((1E,1'E)-((6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclooctadecine-2,13-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(benzene-1,2-diol) 1156475-16-9 C34H34N2O10
    3,3'-((1E,1'E)-((6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclooctadecine-2,13-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(benzene-1,2-diol)
    —— 2-((2-(ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 887650-18-2 C12H18N2O2
    2-((2-(ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]propanamide 1609176-84-2 C17H16F3NO4
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]propanamide
    —— 1054563-81-3 C14H15BrN4O
    —— 5-(2-{[1-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 40166-86-7 C24H25NO4
    5-(2-{[1-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— (E,Z)-{5-[(E,Z)-1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}-cyano-acetic acid ethyl ester 851646-09-8 C17H16ClN3O4S
    (E,Z)-{5-[(E,Z)-1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}-cyano-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1246372-46-2 C12H11N3O2S
    2-methoxy-4-(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5-(triisopropylsilyloxy)benzene-1,3-diol 1215006-61-3 C15H26O3Si
    5-(triisopropylsilyloxy)benzene-1,3-diol