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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-methyl- 113465-79-5 C14H17NO3
    5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-methyl-
    —— (2S,3S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(3-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiopropionic acid S-(2-acetylamino-ethyl) ester 946572-90-3 C20H32N2O6SSi
    (2S,3S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(3-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiopropionic acid S-(2-acetylamino-ethyl) ester
    —— 4-(4-(18O)oxidanylbutyl)phenol 1234665-17-8 C10H14O2
    4-(4-(18O)oxidanylbutyl)phenol
    —— 4-(Pyridin-4-ylazo)-benzene-1,3-diol 20815-56-9 C11H9N3O2
    4-(Pyridin-4-ylazo)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,6-Bis-trifluormethylmercapto-hydrochinon 13937-72-9 C8H4F6O2S2
    2,6-Bis-trifluormethylmercapto-hydrochinon
    —— L-ornitine picrate 173599-81-0 C5H12N2O2*C6H3N3O7
    L-ornitine picrate
    —— 2,6-Dibrom-4-methoxy-3,5-bis-trifluormethylsulfonyl-phenol 13937-81-0 C9H4Br2F6O6S2
    2,6-Dibrom-4-methoxy-3,5-bis-trifluormethylsulfonyl-phenol
    —— Bis-cycloocteno-hydrochinon 36552-95-1 C18H26O2
    Bis-cycloocteno-hydrochinon
    —— [(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxy(D3)methylene]-5-chloroadamantane 552848-24-5 C18H21ClO2
    [(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxy(D3)methylene]-5-chloroadamantane
    —— 5-Decyl-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine 102408-54-8 C20H28N2O
    5-Decyl-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidine
    —— 2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-propyl-2-(propylamino)acetamide 1584164-54-4 C14H21ClN2O2
    2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-propyl-2-(propylamino)acetamide
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one 1275574-88-3 C16H9BrClNO3S
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one
    —— 2,5-bis-[(2-hydroxy-phenylimino)-methyl]-pyridine 25317-57-1 C19H15N3O2
    2,5-bis-[(2-hydroxy-phenylimino)-methyl]-pyridine
    —— Orcilaldehyd 4-hexylthiosemicarbazon 21236-05-5 C15H23N3O2S
    Orcilaldehyd 4-hexylthiosemicarbazon
    —— CFCl3 inclusion complex with calix[4]arene 468054-39-9 CCl3F*C28H24O4
    CFCl3 inclusion complex with calix[4]arene
    —— α-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert--butylnitrone 255051-98-0 C11H14FNO2
    α-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert--butylnitrone
    —— dimethyl ((decylamino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonate 1185728-67-9 C19H34NO4P
    dimethyl ((decylamino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonate
    —— [(3-hydroxyphenyl)(2-methoxy(D3))methylene]-adamantane 552848-07-4 C18H22O2
    [(3-hydroxyphenyl)(2-methoxy(D3))methylene]-adamantane
    —— methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylthioacetate 112632-28-7 C10H12O4S
    methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylthioacetate
    —— 3-aza-N-(2-[1-aza-2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-vinyl]phenyl)-4-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-enamide 311779-14-3 C22H17N5O7
    3-aza-N-(2-[1-aza-2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-vinyl]phenyl)-4-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-enamide
    —— α-(3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255052-11-0 C11H13N3O6
    α-(3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(pent-4-en-2-yl)phenol 1186642-14-7 C12H16O2
    4-methoxy-2-(pent-4-en-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-1-methyl-heptylimino]-methyl}-phenol 30121-93-8 C16H25NO2
    2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-1-methyl-heptylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxy-hept-6-enyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 371195-82-3 C14H20O3
    3-(1-Hydroxy-hept-6-enyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 351203-01-5 C64H108O12Si5
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol 600134-65-4 C9H9NO2S
    5-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol
    —— (Z)-3-(adamantan-2-yl)-5-[(5-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene]-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 1352646-43-5 C25H25NO4S2
    (Z)-3-(adamantan-2-yl)-5-[(5-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene]-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-Imino-1,2-dihydro-1-oxa-azulen-6-ol 24105-72-4 C9H7NO2
    2-Imino-1,2-dihydro-1-oxa-azulen-6-ol
    —— 2,5-Bis[ethoxy(phenyl)phosphoryl]benzene-1,4-diol 1420992-10-4 C22H24O6P2
    2,5-Bis[ethoxy(phenyl)phosphoryl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— N,N'-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,4-diaminobutane 159856-46-9 C18H20N2O4
    N,N'-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,4-diaminobutane
    —— 228120-85-2 C15H15NO3
    —— 2-(2-pyrrolylmethylimino)-4-methylphenol 146831-56-3 C12H12N2O
    2-(2-pyrrolylmethylimino)-4-methylphenol
    —— α-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255052-05-2 C12H17NO3
    α-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— Methanesulfonic acid 3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-propyl ester 40614-13-9 C12H18O4S
    Methanesulfonic acid 3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-propyl ester
    —— 1313182-87-4 C11H17BrOSi
    —— 2-[3-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-styryl)-isoxazol-4-yl]-phenol 95276-57-6 C19H17NO3
    2-[3-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-styryl)-isoxazol-4-yl]-phenol
    —— (E)-2-bromo-6-(6-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-methyl-2-hexenyl)-5-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-4-methylphenol 100045-86-1 C24H41BrO5Si
    (E)-2-bromo-6-(6-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-methyl-2-hexenyl)-5-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 1033766-54-9 C14H14N4O2
    —— 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-dimethoxy-4,4'-methanediyl-di-phenol 109514-41-2 C15H14Br2O4
    5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-dimethoxy-4,4'-methanediyl-di-phenol
    —— α-(3,5-diiodo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 255052-10-9 C11H13I2NO2
    α-(3,5-diiodo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— 1050599-90-0 C14H15BrN4O
    —— <3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl>acetic acid 112453-45-9 C17H13NO5
    <3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl>acetic acid
    —— (Z)-2-(4-(prop-1-enyloxy)phenyl)ethanol 1229611-00-0 C11H14O2
    (Z)-2-(4-(prop-1-enyloxy)phenyl)ethanol
    —— 2-hydroxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonimidate 65109-81-1 C13H13NO3S
    2-hydroxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonimidate
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile 117616-62-3 C16H13N5O3
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetonitrile
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-P,P-diphenylphosphinothioic amide 1093349-17-7 C19H16NOPS
    N-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-P,P-diphenylphosphinothioic amide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propan 95316-34-0 C18H22O6
    3-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propan
    —— [(3-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy(D3)methylene]-5-chloroadamantane 552847-91-3 C18H20Cl2O2
    [(3-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy(D3)methylene]-5-chloroadamantane
    —— 2-Methoxy-4,6-bis-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin 1853-75-4 C16H13N3O5
    2-Methoxy-4,6-bis-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin
    —— (2R,3R)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(3-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiopropionic acid S-(2-acetylamino-ethyl) ester 864924-28-7 C20H32N2O6SSi
    (2R,3R)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(3-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiopropionic acid S-(2-acetylamino-ethyl) ester