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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclohex-2-enone 1134798-85-8 C17H18O2
    3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclohex-2-enone
    —— 1563181-78-1 C4H6N2*C44H28N4O4Zn
    —— 2-t-Butylamino-6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-t-butyl-benzimidazol 20809-59-0 C16H25N3O2
    2-t-Butylamino-6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-t-butyl-benzimidazol
    —— Ethyl 2-anilino-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3-thiophenecarboxylate 5929-61-3 C21H19NO5S
    Ethyl 2-anilino-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3-thiophenecarboxylate
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(tripropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230388-91-6 C19H34OSSi
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(tripropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— N-Butyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide 247098-19-7 C11H14N2O4
    N-Butyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide
    —— (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile 1453269-63-0 C19H15NO3S
    (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(tributylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-21-5 C22H40OSSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(tributylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpent-2-en-1-one 1432498-26-4 C15H20O4
    (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpent-2-en-1-one
    —— 4-(1-Butylnonyl)-phenol 17508-69-9 C19H32O
    4-(1-Butylnonyl)-phenol
    —— 2-[3-[4,8,11-Tris[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradec-1-yl]propyliminomethyl]phenol 1412440-11-9 C50H68N8O4
    2-[3-[4,8,11-Tris[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradec-1-yl]propyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— [1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid 137619-64-8 C8H12NO4P
    [1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid
    —— 2-bromo-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 28165-48-2 C8H9BrO2
    2-bromo-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 5-[1-[(1Z)-1-hexenyl]cyclobutyl]resorcinol 941583-85-3 C16H22O2
    5-[1-[(1Z)-1-hexenyl]cyclobutyl]resorcinol
    —— 1-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)acetyl]-3-(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole 926931-02-4 C16H14ClN3O2
    1-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)acetyl]-3-(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
    —— 3-((3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-1,1-dimethylurea 1187947-52-9 C13H16FN3O3
    3-((3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
    —— 4,6-bis[5-amino-3-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)diazenyl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1H-1,3,5-triazin-2-one 1095331-77-3 C17H17N17OS2
    4,6-bis[5-amino-3-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)diazenyl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1H-1,3,5-triazin-2-one
    —— tetra-t-butyl (2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(phosphonate) 124982-91-8 C22H40O7P2
    tetra-t-butyl (2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(phosphonate)
    —— 4-[5-(2-cyclopentyl-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methylphenol 1262414-37-8 C22H25N3O3
    4-[5-(2-cyclopentyl-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methylphenol
    —— dihydrosinapylamine 54738-28-2 C11H17NO3*ClH
    dihydrosinapylamine
    —— [(C6H3-2,6-(CH2NMe2)2)SbS]2 1195902-04-5 C24H38N4S2Sb2
    [(C6H3-2,6-(CH2NMe2)2)SbS]2
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[(E)-2-(3-methyl-4-nitro-isoxazol-5-yl)-vinyl]-phenol 114650-00-9 C13H12N2O5
    2-Methoxy-6-[(E)-2-(3-methyl-4-nitro-isoxazol-5-yl)-vinyl]-phenol
    —— 16476-18-9 C16H16O7
    —— 1,2-dimethoxyethyl 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl ether 136178-82-0 C14H22O5
    1,2-dimethoxyethyl 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl ether
    —— 4-(2-Methylthiophen-3-yl)-2-nitrophenol 1261974-37-1 C11H9NO3S
    4-(2-Methylthiophen-3-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— bis(2,4-dihydroxylphenyl)methanone phenylhydrazone 117767-19-8 C19H16N2O4
    bis(2,4-dihydroxylphenyl)methanone phenylhydrazone
    —— 4-[2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl-ONN-azoxy)-phenylazo]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one 15175-31-2 C23H20N6O3
    4-[2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl-ONN-azoxy)-phenylazo]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
    —— N,N'-bis(3-bromo-5-chlorosalicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine 181126-17-0 C16H12Br2Cl2N2O2
    N,N'-bis(3-bromo-5-chlorosalicylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine
    —— 4-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one 958883-49-3 C11H13BrO3
    4-(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one
    —— 1,2,2,-Trideutero-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-aethan-1,2-diol 53587-45-4 C9H12O4
    1,2,2,-Trideutero-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-aethan-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(Hydroperoxy-phenylazo-methyl)-phenol 97783-03-4 C13H12N2O3
    2-(Hydroperoxy-phenylazo-methyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(5-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazepin 20435-64-7 C17H16N2O2
    4-(5-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazepin
    —— 17-(1-adamantyl)-14-metoxy-13,21-diaza-[4.3](1,3)-adamantanemetacyclophan-21-en-20-ol 1120356-47-9 C32H44N2O2
    17-(1-adamantyl)-14-metoxy-13,21-diaza-[4.3](1,3)-adamantanemetacyclophan-21-en-20-ol
    —— (E)-2-(((1-(adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1363568-17-5 C20H27NO2
    (E)-2-(((1-(adamantan-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (4R,5R)-2-((R)-but-3-en-2-yl)-4,5-dicyclohexyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 1229414-83-8 C18H31BO2
    (4R,5R)-2-((R)-but-3-en-2-yl)-4,5-dicyclohexyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
    —— diethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methylphenylphosphonate 1422738-80-4 C11H17O4P
    diethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methylphenylphosphonate
    —— Phenol--oxotitanium (2/1) 20644-86-4 C12H12O3Ti
    Phenol--oxotitanium (2/1)
    —— 4-<3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-2-phenyl-cyclohex-4-en-6-on-1-carbonsaeure-aethylester 10372-72-2 C21H18Br2O4
    4-<3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-2-phenyl-cyclohex-4-en-6-on-1-carbonsaeure-aethylester
    —— 1.6-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)hexane 10365-39-6 C20H26O4
    1.6-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)hexane
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-3-trifluoromethyl-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol 70318-53-5 C15H12F3NO2
    2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-3-trifluoromethyl-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 4-{[(2-Thienylmethyl)imino]methyl}benzenol 866155-88-6 C12H11NOS
    4-{[(2-Thienylmethyl)imino]methyl}benzenol
    —— 2-(Cyclooctyliminomethyl)phenol 1609159-82-1 C15H21NO
    2-(Cyclooctyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2,2'-((4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(hydrazine-1-carbimidic acid) 852382-57-1 C12H16N6O4
    2,2'-((4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(hydrazine-1-carbimidic acid)
    —— 2-(1-Propylhexyl)-phenol 17404-47-6 C15H24O
    2-(1-Propylhexyl)-phenol
    —— 1,2-Dibrom-trifluorphenol 19758-04-4 C6HBr2F3O
    1,2-Dibrom-trifluorphenol
    —— trans-[Pd(C(O)C6H4OH-2)I(2,6-dimethylphenylisonitrile)2] 352027-33-9 C25H23IN2O2Pd
    trans-[Pd(C(O)C6H4OH-2)I(2,6-dimethylphenylisonitrile)2]
    —— 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitro-phenol; compound with 2-dimethylamino-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide 25108-90-1 C6H3Cl2NO3*C6H14N2O
    2,6-Dichloro-4-nitro-phenol; compound with 2-dimethylamino-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide
    —— methyl (1S,3R)-6,8-dihydroxy-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate 133761-59-8 C18H19NO5
    methyl (1S,3R)-6,8-dihydroxy-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate
    —— N-(1-adamantyl)-4-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)butyramide 144295-90-9 C20H28N2O2
    N-(1-adamantyl)-4-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)butyramide
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)propenone 80378-09-2 C14H13NO3S
    1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)propenone