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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolylmethanethione 1092962-12-3 C18H19N3O2S
    amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolylmethanethione
    —— 4-furan-3-yl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-<<(methoxyethoxy)methyl>oxy>butane 127461-74-9 C18H24O5
    4-furan-3-yl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-<<(methoxyethoxy)methyl>oxy>butane
    —— 1.10-Bis-[2.4-dihydroxy-phenyl-decan 114327-24-1 C22H30O4
    1.10-Bis-[2.4-dihydroxy-phenyl-decan
    —— 2-(5,6-diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-4-methyl-phenol 106410-38-2 C22H17N3O
    2-(5,6-diphenyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— [Butylamino-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid monoethyl ester 59488-07-2 C13H22NO4P
    [Butylamino-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phosphonic acid monoethyl ester
    —— 1,3-Diisopropyl-2-m-tolyl-isourea; compound with picric acid 87944-21-6 C6H3N3O7*C14H22N2O
    1,3-Diisopropyl-2-m-tolyl-isourea; compound with picric acid
    —— 1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[[phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amino]thiourea 142047-99-2 C20H17N5OS
    1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[[phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amino]thiourea
    —— N''-[1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-N'''-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethylidene]carbonohydrazide 1352958-32-7 C18H19ClN4O3
    N''-[1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-N'''-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethylidene]carbonohydrazide
    —— [3-(2,5-Diethyl-phenyl)-butyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester 32421-67-3 C18H31O3P
    [3-(2,5-Diethyl-phenyl)-butyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 1',2'-Dehydroolivetolmonomethylether 58545-49-6 C12H16O2
    1',2'-Dehydroolivetolmonomethylether
    —— 7-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)heptanenitrile 136833-85-7 C13H17NO2
    7-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)heptanenitrile
    —— 6-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 1094253-68-5 C11H11FN2O2
    6-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 2-amino-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole 123593-06-6 C10H11N3O
    2-amino-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole
    —— 1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoxaline-5,8-diol 1375148-98-3 C10H14N2O2
    1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoxaline-5,8-diol
    —— 3-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-5-isopropoxyphenol 894077-77-1 C12H16O4
    3-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-5-isopropoxyphenol
    —— 5,17-N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-5,17-diamino-11,23-dinitrocalix(4)arene 443919-12-8 C42H32N4O10
    5,17-N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-5,17-diamino-11,23-dinitrocalix(4)arene
    —— 2-Hydroxy-N-isopropylmethoxamine 14722-91-9 C13H21NO3
    2-Hydroxy-N-isopropylmethoxamine
    —— 3-Amino-benzosuberanol-(2) 103861-54-7 C11H15NO
    3-Amino-benzosuberanol-(2)
    —— 1181373-31-8 C29H22N4O2
    —— 3-[3-(N,N-diethylamino)propoxycarbonyl]-5-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-4,4-dimethyl-6-quinolyl]-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-one 1226561-30-3 C31H40N4O6S
    3-[3-(N,N-diethylamino)propoxycarbonyl]-5-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-4,4-dimethyl-6-quinolyl]-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-one
    —— (1r,3R,4S)-3,4-bis((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide 1427204-44-1 C25H27N5O5
    (1r,3R,4S)-3,4-bis((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-((E)-(S)-1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-hex-2-en-5-ynyl)-4-methoxy-5-((Z)-2-methyl-7-triisopropylsilanyl-hept-2-en-6-ynyl)-phenol 403696-85-5 C31H46O3Si
    2-((E)-(S)-1-Hydroxy-3-methyl-hex-2-en-5-ynyl)-4-methoxy-5-((Z)-2-methyl-7-triisopropylsilanyl-hept-2-en-6-ynyl)-phenol
    —— Phenol, Tetramethylharnstoff 39858-07-6 C5H12N2O*C6H6O
    Phenol, Tetramethylharnstoff
    —— 4-{(E)-[(5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine-2-yl)imino]methyl}benzene-1,3-diol 1453536-25-8 C16H13N3O2S
    4-{(E)-[(5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine-2-yl)imino]methyl}benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 7-dodecyl-7-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-2,5,9,12-tetraoxatridecane 106419-41-4 C28H49NO7
    7-dodecyl-7-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-2,5,9,12-tetraoxatridecane
    —— 3,5,3',6'-tetramethyl-4-oxo-7'-(3'',5''-dimethyl-4''-hydroxyphenyl)spiro<2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,1'-cyclopenta<d>pyridazine> 111512-71-1 C24H26N2O2
    3,5,3',6'-tetramethyl-4-oxo-7'-(3'',5''-dimethyl-4''-hydroxyphenyl)spiro<2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,1'-cyclopenta<d>pyridazine>
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-<2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-1-p-toluolsulfonyl-aethyl>-benzol 3795-81-1 C23H24O6S
    1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-<2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-1-p-toluolsulfonyl-aethyl>-benzol
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-4-(furan-2-yl)benzene 475391-60-7 C10H8O3
    1,3-dihydroxy-4-(furan-2-yl)benzene
    —— 3,5-Di-(3-chlor-but-2-enyl)-mesitol 36165-35-2 C17H22Cl2O
    3,5-Di-(3-chlor-but-2-enyl)-mesitol
    —— 2-Methyl-3.6-bis-<dimethylaminomethyl>-hydrochinon 724-08-3 C13H22N2O2
    2-Methyl-3.6-bis-<dimethylaminomethyl>-hydrochinon
    —— ethyl 3,5-bis((2-(ethylcarbamothioyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-4-hydroxybenzoate 1246354-31-3 C17H24N6O3S2
    ethyl 3,5-bis((2-(ethylcarbamothioyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-4-hydroxybenzoate
    —— 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-brom-benzylchlorid 21709-81-9 C8H8BrClO2
    3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-brom-benzylchlorid
    —— 1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-ethyl-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-isochinolin 14073-38-2 C20H23NO5
    1-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-ethyl-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-isochinolin
    —— 2-Aethoxycarbonylmethyl-5-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-1,3,4-oxadiazol 4882-93-3 C12H12N2O4
    2-Aethoxycarbonylmethyl-5-<2-hydroxy-phenyl>-1,3,4-oxadiazol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetamidoxime 31983-65-0 C8H10N2O3
    3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetamidoxime
    —— 6-chloro-3-fluoro-4-methoxy-2-methylphenol 1600530-37-7 C8H8ClFO2
    6-chloro-3-fluoro-4-methoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden-<o-nitranilin> 15334-07-3 C14H12N2O4
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden-<o-nitranilin>
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-{[2-(tert-butyl)(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)]methylene}-2-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)azamethylene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1253208-83-1 C18H19N3O2S2
    (2Z,5Z)-5-{[2-(tert-butyl)(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)]methylene}-2-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)azamethylene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(2-ethylbutyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1372864-82-8 C16H18N2O5S
    3-(2-ethylbutyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2,4,6-trinitro-3-(2-nitryloxy-ethoxy)-phenol 856376-13-1 C8H6N4O11
    2,4,6-trinitro-3-(2-nitryloxy-ethoxy)-phenol
    —— 2-{1-[(6-Chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-hydrazono]-ethyl}-phenol 909394-43-0 C13H12ClN3O
    2-{1-[(6-Chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-hydrazono]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-pentin-(1) 33753-45-6 C11H12O
    5-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-pentin-(1)
    —— 2-[3-(1-hydroxy-2-piperidin-1-yl-ethyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-phenol 53983-87-2 C16H20N2O3
    2-[3-(1-hydroxy-2-piperidin-1-yl-ethyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-phenol
    —— 1404575-73-0 C16H17NO2
    —— N-Heptyl-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carboximidothioic acid 6623-76-3 C15H23N3OS
    N-Heptyl-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carboximidothioic acid
    —— 2-Chloro-N-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-benzyl)-acetamide 26486-47-5 C9H8Cl3NO3
    2-Chloro-N-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-benzyl)-acetamide
    —— 1,4-Bis-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-butan 16290-21-4 C16H18O4
    1,4-Bis-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-butan
    —— 2-ethoxycarbonyl-6-(2'-hydroxy-3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-one 1235985-82-6 C14H14N2O6
    2-ethoxycarbonyl-6-(2'-hydroxy-3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-one
    —— amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethanethione 1092962-17-8 C17H17N3OS
    amino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethanethione
    —— N-(2-{2-[(E)-2-(2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl}-ethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide 38726-46-4 C21H21BrF3NO5
    N-(2-{2-[(E)-2-(2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl}-ethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide