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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)acetate 1584164-31-7 C12H16O5
    Ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)acetate
    —— V(N,N,N',N',-tetramethylethylenediamine)[(C4H3N)C(O)CH3]2 474466-54-1 C18H28N4O2V
    V(N,N,N',N',-tetramethylethylenediamine)[(C4H3N)C(O)CH3]2
    —— N-<2-Hydroxy-benzyliden>-2,4,6-trimethyl-anilin 120399-42-0 C16H17NO
    N-<2-Hydroxy-benzyliden>-2,4,6-trimethyl-anilin
    —— 5-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]-2-methylphenol 1193524-79-6 C17H14O2S
    5-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]-2-methylphenol
    —— 4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1201594-66-2 C15H11BrN2O3
    4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5,23-Ditert-butyl-11,17-dimethylhexacyclo[25.2.2.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25]pentatriaconta-1(29),3(35),4,6,9,11,13(34),15(33),16,18,21,23,25(32),27,30-pentadecaene-32,33,34,35-tetrol 193905-89-4 C45H50O4
    5,23-Ditert-butyl-11,17-dimethylhexacyclo[25.2.2.13,7.19,13.115,19.121,25]pentatriaconta-1(29),3(35),4,6,9,11,13(34),15(33),16,18,21,23,25(32),27,30-pentadecaene-32,33,34,35-tetrol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(5-ethoxy-1-methylpentyl)phenol 1173929-14-0 C15H24O3
    4-methoxy-2-(5-ethoxy-1-methylpentyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one 6728-66-1 C13H17NO2
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one
    —— 51084-70-9 C11H12Br2N4OS2
    —— 2'-Hydroxy-4'-methylbenzaldehyd-2-chlor-4-methylanil 34800-93-6 C15H14ClNO
    2'-Hydroxy-4'-methylbenzaldehyd-2-chlor-4-methylanil
    —— syringaldehyde (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone 1245-67-6 C15H14N4O7
    syringaldehyde (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone
    —— 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-imidazol-5-one 1637484-65-1 C23H17N3O5
    1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-imidazol-5-one
    —— Phenol, 4-bromo-3-chloro-2,6-diiodo- 1379306-60-1 C6H2BrClI2O
    Phenol, 4-bromo-3-chloro-2,6-diiodo-
    —— 2-{[(E)-4,6-Bis-phenylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylimino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 120624-39-7 C23H20N6O2
    2-{[(E)-4,6-Bis-phenylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylimino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— cis-4-butylcyclohexyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-azetidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-13-4 C23H34N2O5
    cis-4-butylcyclohexyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-azetidine-1-carboxylate
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)benzylamine*HCl 75830-37-4 C14H14N2O3*ClH
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)benzylamine*HCl
    —— (5Z)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181081-64-0 C15H17N3O2S
    (5Z)-2-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carbonitrile 1610624-81-1 C17H12N4O4
    1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carbonitrile
    —— 1-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 1312716-84-9 C13H14BrNO
    1-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile
    —— 2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-n-propylphenol 215585-94-7 C10H13BrO2
    2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-n-propylphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde O-benzyl oxime 1068143-81-6 C15H15NO3
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde O-benzyl oxime
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,5]thiadiazinane-2-thione 15798-76-2 C10H12N2OS2
    3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,5]thiadiazinane-2-thione
    —— bis(5-bromosalicylaldehyde)adipicdihydrazone 337525-54-9 C20H20Br2N4O4
    bis(5-bromosalicylaldehyde)adipicdihydrazone
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)methyl]propanamide 1609176-83-1 C16H14F3NO3
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)methyl]propanamide
    —— 5-Iod-o-vanillal-anilin 7396-68-1 C14H12INO2
    5-Iod-o-vanillal-anilin
    —— (2Z,4E)-1-(5-Allyloxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-hepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one 110295-19-7 C17H18O4
    (2Z,4E)-1-(5-Allyloxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-hepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one
    —— 25,27-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-26,28-dihydroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 197796-05-7 C60H72O6
    25,27-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-26,28-dihydroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-benzyl)-acrylamide 13579-35-6 C12H15NO2S
    N-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-benzyl)-acrylamide
    —— 4789-91-7 C9H7Br2NO3
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-((Z)-pent-1-enyl)-phenol 81677-80-7 C12H16O2
    2-Methoxy-4-((Z)-pent-1-enyl)-phenol
    —— 1,2,3,4-Tetrabromo-5-(2,5-dibromo-phenyl)-7,7-dimethoxy-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 25642-26-6 C15H12Br6O2
    1,2,3,4-Tetrabromo-5-(2,5-dibromo-phenyl)-7,7-dimethoxy-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene
    —— 607728-30-3 C23H33N7O2
    —— 2,2'-(8-Hexadecynylene)bis(1,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzene) 99608-65-8 C32H46O8
    2,2'-(8-Hexadecynylene)bis(1,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzene)
    —— di-n-butyl[N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylaldehyde)-1,2-phenylenediiminato]tin(IV) 1621877-42-6 C28H32N2O4Sn
    di-n-butyl[N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylaldehyde)-1,2-phenylenediiminato]tin(IV)
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-tert-butyl-49,51,53,55-tetrahydroxy-50,54,52,56-bis(O-xylenyldioxy)calix[8]arene 176210-46-1 C104H124O8
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-tert-butyl-49,51,53,55-tetrahydroxy-50,54,52,56-bis(O-xylenyldioxy)calix[8]arene
    —— 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol 1159342-83-2 C8H6Br2O
    3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol
    —— Phenol, 2,2'-[1,8-octanediylbis(1,3,4-oxadiazole-5,2-diyl)]bis- 148228-56-2 C24H26N4O4
    Phenol, 2,2'-[1,8-octanediylbis(1,3,4-oxadiazole-5,2-diyl)]bis-
    —— 2-[(5-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol 22251-64-5 C13H18O4
    2-[(5-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol
    —— N,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzimidoyl chloride 596095-21-5 C8H8ClNO3
    N,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzimidoyl chloride
    —— 6-Isopropyloxy-4-methyl-2-<5-chlor-salicylidenhydrazino>-pyrimidin 93537-15-6 C15H17ClN4O2
    6-Isopropyloxy-4-methyl-2-<5-chlor-salicylidenhydrazino>-pyrimidin
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-{3-[2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazino]-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6-yl}-6-methylpyran-2-one 1527512-99-7 C17H14N6O4S
    4-hydroxy-3-{3-[2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazino]-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6-yl}-6-methylpyran-2-one
    —— Diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl ester 30742-32-6 C12H15Br2NOS2
    Diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl ester
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(2-isopropylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate 1208102-12-8 C12H17ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(2-isopropylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate
    —— 3-((R)-1-Hydroxy-2-iodo-ethyl)-phenol 603983-68-2 C8H9IO2
    3-((R)-1-Hydroxy-2-iodo-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 2-Nitro-5-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-phenol 27684-89-5 C12H15NO4
    2-Nitro-5-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-phenol
    —— 1374156-44-1 C15H16BrNO2
    —— 1334478-05-5 C12H15BrO
    —— Methyl-3,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorphenylacetat 25753-35-9 C9H7Cl3O4
    Methyl-3,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorphenylacetat
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-trichloromethylsulfanyl-3<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-one 1025-34-9 C9H5Cl3N2O3S
    5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-trichloromethylsulfanyl-3<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-one
    —— anti-8,14,dihydroxy-22,28-dimethyl<2.0.2.0>metacyclophane 169213-56-3 C30H28O2
    anti-8,14,dihydroxy-22,28-dimethyl<2.0.2.0>metacyclophane