摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1392488-23-1 C6H5O*C6H6O*C32H68N
    —— 1402835-61-3 C16H12Cl2N6OS
    —— 2-[(5S)-2-(5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-2-ylidene)-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-5-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]acetamide 1455449-70-3 C20H19NOS8
    2-[(5S)-2-(5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-2-ylidene)-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-5-yl]-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]acetamide
    —— 4-fluoromethoxy-phenol 1298100-76-1 C7H7FO2
    4-fluoromethoxy-phenol
    —— 3-Amino-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid 1092534-34-3 C10H8N2O4
    3-Amino-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 2,3,6-Trihydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-5-aethyl-benzol 90926-33-3 C10H14O3
    2,3,6-Trihydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-5-aethyl-benzol
    —— N-Cyclohexyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide 71146-62-8 C16H23NO4
    N-Cyclohexyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide
    —— 5-(benzylidenamino)-2-chloro-4-fluorophenol 151387-25-6 C13H9ClFNO
    5-(benzylidenamino)-2-chloro-4-fluorophenol
    —— 1,10-Bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)decane 10365-58-9 C22H30O2
    1,10-Bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)decane
    —— 181932-39-8 C15H15BrN2O2
    —— 2-bromo-6-methoxy-3-((E)-2-methoxyvinyl)phenol 1448888-79-6 C10H11BrO3
    2-bromo-6-methoxy-3-((E)-2-methoxyvinyl)phenol
    —— tert-butyl (5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate 1392846-44-4 C12H16BrNO3
    tert-butyl (5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— succinic acid bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidenehydrazide] 64174-58-9 C20H22N4O4
    succinic acid bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidenehydrazide]
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile 1314710-33-2 C13H15NO
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-{3-[2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazino]-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6-yl}-6-methylpyran-2-one 1527512-97-5 C17H14N6O5S
    4-hydroxy-3-{3-[2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazino]-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6-yl}-6-methylpyran-2-one
    —— 5-n-Propyl-5-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxybenzyl)hydantoin 16011-69-1 C13H14N4O7
    5-n-Propyl-5-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxybenzyl)hydantoin
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole-4-carboxylic acid 1346427-12-0 C16H21NO7
    2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-(Dodecan-2-yl)phenol 88928-32-9 C18H30O
    3-(Dodecan-2-yl)phenol
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-, ethyl ester 1261673-91-9 C10H11BrO3
    Benzeneacetic acid, 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
    —— 6,6'-dimethyl-3,3'-ethynediyl-di-phenol 108842-62-2 C16H14O2
    6,6'-dimethyl-3,3'-ethynediyl-di-phenol
    —— cis-4-Carbomethoxy-1-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexane 85602-79-5 C15H20O4
    cis-4-Carbomethoxy-1-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexane
    —— 5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1416588-04-9 C13H9N3O2S2
    5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enenitrile 1370439-26-1 C10H10N2O
    3-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enenitrile
    —— 2-[3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-cyclopentane-1,3-dione 37747-99-2 C15H16O5
    2-[3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-cyclopentane-1,3-dione
    —— (4-hydroxyphenyl)zinc(II) bromide 521097-84-7 C6H5BrOZn
    (4-hydroxyphenyl)zinc(II) bromide
    —— 3,5-diethoxy-4-methoxy-phenol 99861-87-7 C11H16O4
    3,5-diethoxy-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3.5.4'-Trichlor-3'-methylthionosalicylsaeureanilid 23238-94-0 C14H10Cl3NOS
    3.5.4'-Trichlor-3'-methylthionosalicylsaeureanilid
    —— 2,4-Dimethoxy-6-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl]phenol 1320346-93-7 C15H18N2O3
    2,4-Dimethoxy-6-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)methyl]phenol
    —— 3,5-Pentacosamethylen-brenzcatechin 13149-34-3 C31H54O2
    3,5-Pentacosamethylen-brenzcatechin
    —— N,N-Di-n-propyl-2-[3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-methoxyphenyl]ethylamine hydrochloride 149409-80-3 C23H33NO3*ClH
    N,N-Di-n-propyl-2-[3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-methoxyphenyl]ethylamine hydrochloride
    —— 1009318-37-9 C59H78N10O11
    —— 2-{1-[(Z)-2-Chloro-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol 112932-62-4 C15H13ClN2O3
    2-{1-[(Z)-2-Chloro-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-methyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 1,8,9,10,12,12-Hexamethyl-3,6-dihydroxytricyclo<6.2.2.0<sup>2,7</sup>>dodeca-2,4,6,9-tetraen-11-one 72049-36-6 C18H22O3
    1,8,9,10,12,12-Hexamethyl-3,6-dihydroxytricyclo<6.2.2.0<sup>2,7</sup>>dodeca-2,4,6,9-tetraen-11-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl-<<sup>35</sup>S>sulfat 74141-70-1 C6H5NO7S
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl-<<sup>35</sup>S>sulfat
    —— 6-fluoroisoproterenol oxalate 81441-24-9 C2H2O4*2C11H16FNO3
    6-fluoroisoproterenol oxalate
    —— 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile 1015198-29-4 C12H11NOS2
    2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile
    —— 5-Hydroxy-N-isopropylmethoxamine 14722-92-0 C13H21NO3
    5-Hydroxy-N-isopropylmethoxamine
    —— 5-(2-Chlor-phenyl)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazol 19743-23-8 C15H10ClNO3
    5-(2-Chlor-phenyl)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazol
    —— 2,5-Bis-<(acetyl-benzyl-amino)-methyl>-hydrochinon 2219-92-3 C26H28N2O4
    2,5-Bis-<(acetyl-benzyl-amino)-methyl>-hydrochinon
    —— 4-Methyl-2-(1,1,3,3-tetrafluor-1,3-dichlor-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-phenol 2169-59-7 C10H8Cl2F4O2
    4-Methyl-2-(1,1,3,3-tetrafluor-1,3-dichlor-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-phenol
    —— 15-dodecyl-15-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclohexadecane 107891-22-5 C30H50N2O10
    15-dodecyl-15-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclohexadecane
    —— N-[4-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]guanidine 735241-89-1 C11H12N4O2S
    N-[4-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]guanidine
    —— 4-{3-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]propanoyl}amino-1-ethylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid potassium salt 1204422-99-0 C19H18N3O5*K
    4-{3-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]propanoyl}amino-1-ethylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acid potassium salt
    —— 135734-98-4 C12H10Br2O2
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-ethyloctyl)-phenol 17473-31-3 C16H24N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-ethyloctyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(5-chlorovanillino)-4-(2'-pyrazinyl)thiazole 115540-93-7 C14H10ClN3O2S
    2-(5-chlorovanillino)-4-(2'-pyrazinyl)thiazole
    —— 2,6-Didodecyl-4-methoxyphenol 56134-32-8 C31H56O2
    2,6-Didodecyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-benzyl oxime 1068143-85-0 C14H12ClNO2
    4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-benzyl oxime
    —— 3,6-Dimethoxy-2-<(Z)-10-pentadecenyl>phenol 87863-10-3 C23H38O3
    3,6-Dimethoxy-2-<(Z)-10-pentadecenyl>phenol
    —— (Z)-1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-3,6-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-pentadec-10-en-1-ol 87746-53-0 C27H46O7
    (Z)-1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-3,6-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-pentadec-10-en-1-ol