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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-Amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-thiophen-2-yl-indan-5-ol 339309-61-4 C14H15NO2S
    6-Amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-thiophen-2-yl-indan-5-ol
    —— catena-poly[copper(II)-di-μ-acetylacetonato-copper(II)-bis(μ-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde picoloylhydrazonato)] 1305346-24-0 C5H7O2*C14H12N3O3*Cu
    catena-poly[copper(II)-di-μ-acetylacetonato-copper(II)-bis(μ-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde picoloylhydrazonato)]
    —— 1.5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)pentane 10365-44-3 C17H20O2
    1.5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)pentane
    —— 4,4'-dichloro-6,6'-dibromo-2,2'- [(1,10-decanediyldioxy)bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol 1627935-29-8 C24H28Br2Cl2N2O4
    4,4'-dichloro-6,6'-dibromo-2,2'- [(1,10-decanediyldioxy)bis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
    —— (3-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acetonitrile 957273-65-3 C8H6N2O3
    (3-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acetonitrile
    —— bis-[1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazine 101118-62-1 C16H14Br2N2O2
    bis-[1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazine
    —— 12,13,20,27-Tetrapentyl-2,10-(methano<1,3>benzenomethano)-12H-dibenzo<d,g><1,3>dioxocin-3,9,17,19,24,26-hexol 137964-69-3 C49H64O8
    12,13,20,27-Tetrapentyl-2,10-(methano<1,3>benzenomethano)-12H-dibenzo<d,g><1,3>dioxocin-3,9,17,19,24,26-hexol
    —— dodecanediyldiamine; dipicrate 80056-72-0 2C6H3N3O7*C12H28N2
    dodecanediyldiamine; dipicrate
    —— ethyl 3-nitro-4-hydroxybenzimidate 57870-73-2 C9H10N2O4
    ethyl 3-nitro-4-hydroxybenzimidate
    —— 2-(5-amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-methoxy-phenyl 853567-30-3 C9H9N3O2S
    2-(5-amino-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-methoxy-phenyl
    —— 129275-76-9 C20H12CuN2O4S4
    —— 1,5-di-o-hydroxyphenyl-2H,6H-perhydrotriazolo-[1,2-a]triazole-3,7-dithione 1630042-97-5 C16H14N4O2S2
    1,5-di-o-hydroxyphenyl-2H,6H-perhydrotriazolo-[1,2-a]triazole-3,7-dithione
    —— nickel(II) 2-((2-carbamothioylhydrazineylidene)methyl)-5-hydroxyphenolate chloride hydrate 139253-37-5 C8H8N3O2S*Cl*H2O*Ni
    nickel(II) 2-((2-carbamothioylhydrazineylidene)methyl)-5-hydroxyphenolate chloride hydrate
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-oxo-acetic acid 95062-65-0 C10H10O4
    (2-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-oxo-acetic acid
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenethyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole 1036384-96-9 C18H19NO3
    5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenethyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
    —— 2,6-Dibrom-4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)-phenol 40639-21-2 C8H4Br2Cl2F2O2
    2,6-Dibrom-4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)-phenol
    —— α-<3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-caprylsaeurenitril 92500-73-7 C14H19NO2
    α-<3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl>-caprylsaeurenitril
    —— 3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl 7-methyloctanoate 951221-81-1 C19H30O4
    3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl 7-methyloctanoate
    —— 4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenol 607351-70-2 C15H26O2Si
    4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1287795-52-1 C20H13BrClN3O2S
    4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 1389250-15-0 C10H7Br2N3O2S
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxy-phenol 112657-37-1 C10H12N2O2
    4-(4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-[4'-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol 96013-93-3 C24H28O2Si
    2-[4'-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)phenyl]ethanol
    —— 3-({2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]ethoxy}methyl)benzonitrile 620601-33-4 C18H19NO3
    3-({2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]ethoxy}methyl)benzonitrile
    —— butane-2,3-dione bis(salicylhydrazone) 858866-10-1 C18H18N4O2
    butane-2,3-dione bis(salicylhydrazone)
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-3-(1-methyl-cyclohexylmethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1185391-32-5 C19H23NO4S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-3-(1-methyl-cyclohexylmethyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 112020-92-5 C13H9N3O2
    2-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-n-butylpyrimidine 101849-24-5 C14H16N2O
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-n-butylpyrimidine
    —— homovanillyl 6-methylheptanoate 951221-79-7 C17H26O4
    homovanillyl 6-methylheptanoate
    —— 12-((2-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrobenzyl)oxy)dodecanoic acid ethyl ester 173912-52-2 C21H32INO6
    12-((2-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrobenzyl)oxy)dodecanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— (3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)(2-pyridyl)methylamine 484062-90-0 C20H17Cl2N3O4
    (3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)(2-pyridyl)methylamine
    —— N-allyl-2-hydroxy-5,NN-trimethylanilinium bromide 79249-72-2 Br*C12H18NO
    N-allyl-2-hydroxy-5,NN-trimethylanilinium bromide
    —— (E)-2-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)phenol 1442638-32-5 C19H25NOSi
    (E)-2-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)phenol
    —— N'-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)benzenecarboximidamide 117124-95-5 C23H24N2O
    N'-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-Diethoxyphosphoryl-3-methoxyphenol 80615-40-3 C11H17O5P
    2-Diethoxyphosphoryl-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,3-Dihydroxy-acetophenon-ketimin 22516-74-1 C8H9NO2
    2,3-Dihydroxy-acetophenon-ketimin
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diisothiocyanato-N,N'-diphenylstannanediaminium 104957-04-2 C28H22N4O2S2Sn
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diisothiocyanato-N,N'-diphenylstannanediaminium
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methylenepent-4-yn-1-yl)phenol 1245947-85-6 C14H16O
    3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methylenepent-4-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— N-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,5-dimethylbenzamide 1235837-22-5 C17H17BrN2O3
    N-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,5-dimethylbenzamide
    —— H44hsaltmen 945866-41-1 C20H24N2O4
    H44hsaltmen
    —— 1370047-21-4 C16H20NO4P
    —— 3-(3-(diethylamino)prop-1-ynyl)phenol 1268631-97-5 C13H17NO
    3-(3-(diethylamino)prop-1-ynyl)phenol
    —— N-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-acrylamide 13579-25-4 C10H10ClNO2
    N-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-acrylamide
    —— (E)-4-(benzylideneamino)-2-fluorophenol 949558-63-8 C13H10FNO
    (E)-4-(benzylideneamino)-2-fluorophenol
    —— (E)-2-((isobutylimino)methyl)phenol 135609-64-2 C11H15NO
    (E)-2-((isobutylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 6-(3,4-DIHYDROXY-2,6-DINITROPHENYL)HEXANOIC ACID 185395-88-4 C12H14N2O8
    6-(3,4-DIHYDROXY-2,6-DINITROPHENYL)HEXANOIC ACID
    —— 5-Anisyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-Δ2-pyrazoline 65840-96-2 C17H18N2O2
    5-Anisyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-Δ2-pyrazoline
    —— α,6-Dinitro-o-kresol 57547-20-3 C7H6N2O5
    α,6-Dinitro-o-kresol
    —— 4-Chlorophenol 95680-72-1 C6H5ClO
    4-Chlorophenol
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzene 365548-65-8 C10H7ClO2S
    1,3-dihydroxy-5-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzene