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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3296-36-4 C29H51N3O4S
    —— 2-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-1,1-dioxo-1-benzothiophen-6-ol 1001203-38-8 C13H16O3S
    2-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-1,1-dioxo-1-benzothiophen-6-ol
    —— 4-Amino-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol 54900-02-6 C11H18N2O3
    4-Amino-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol
    —— <4(S,R),5(S,R)>-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-N-tert-butylisoxazolecarboxamide 131490-79-4 C15H20N2O3
    <4(S,R),5(S,R)>-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-N-tert-butylisoxazolecarboxamide
    —— 2854-71-9 C19H13N3O5
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl-hydrazono)-3-oxo-buttersaeureaethylester 5294-38-2 C12H12N4O8
    2-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl-hydrazono)-3-oxo-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide 1228431-77-3 C27H22N4O4
    N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide
    —— 3-[[16-[(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadec-7-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol 160358-49-6 C26H38N2O8
    3-[[16-[(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadec-7-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— C-propan-3-ol pyrogallol[4]arene 857027-94-2 C40H48O16
    C-propan-3-ol pyrogallol[4]arene
    —— 2,8,14,20-tetranonylpentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 145375-89-9 C64H96O8
    2,8,14,20-tetranonylpentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 3.5.2'.4'.6'-Pentabromthionosalicylsaeureanilid 23239-01-2 C13H6Br5NOS
    3.5.2'.4'.6'-Pentabromthionosalicylsaeureanilid
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-Octatert-butyl-50,53,56-trioxadecacyclo[23.23.9.13,7.19,13.115,19.127,31.133,37.139,43.021,57.045,49]trihexaconta-1(48),3,5,7(63),9,11,13(62),15(61),16,18,21,23,25(57),27,29,31(60),33(59),34,36,39(58),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-58,59,60,61,62,63-hexol 192319-03-2 C92H118O9
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-Octatert-butyl-50,53,56-trioxadecacyclo[23.23.9.13,7.19,13.115,19.127,31.133,37.139,43.021,57.045,49]trihexaconta-1(48),3,5,7(63),9,11,13(62),15(61),16,18,21,23,25(57),27,29,31(60),33(59),34,36,39(58),40,42,45(49),46-tetracosaene-58,59,60,61,62,63-hexol
    —— butyl (5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate 128652-07-3 C13H17BrO3
    butyl (5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol 473255-58-2 C9H12O2S
    3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol
    —— 4789-92-8 C10H9I2NO3
    —— N-Methyl-N-<2-hydroxy-5-chlor-benzyl>-acetamid 99359-74-7 C10H12ClNO2
    N-Methyl-N-<2-hydroxy-5-chlor-benzyl>-acetamid
    —— salicylato-(3,8,9,14-tetraethyl-2,4,13,15-tetramethyltripyrrinato)cadmium(II) 1002321-02-9 C33H39CdN3O3
    salicylato-(3,8,9,14-tetraethyl-2,4,13,15-tetramethyltripyrrinato)cadmium(II)
    —— 4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone 378780-57-5 C14H16N4O4
    4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)hydrazone
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro phenyl)-N'-[2-(phenyloxymethyl)phenyl]urea 210358-80-8 C20H17N3O5
    N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro phenyl)-N'-[2-(phenyloxymethyl)phenyl]urea
    —— 3-Nitrobenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon 41377-67-7 C14H10N4O6
    3-Nitrobenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon
    —— 4-Methyl-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-p-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol 112932-58-8 C16H16N2O3
    4-Methyl-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-p-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-{1-[(Z)-2-chloro-phenylimino]-ethyl}-6-nitro-phenol 112932-73-7 C14H10Cl2N2O3
    4-Chloro-2-{1-[(Z)-2-chloro-phenylimino]-ethyl}-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 3-{2-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]ethoxy}propanoic acid 925244-81-1 C18H20O4
    3-{2-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]ethoxy}propanoic acid
    —— 4-Cyclohex-2-enyl-benzene-1,2-diol 57878-37-2 C12H14O2
    4-Cyclohex-2-enyl-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-chloro-6-methoxy-2-propyl-phenol 858255-06-8 C10H13ClO2
    3-chloro-6-methoxy-2-propyl-phenol
    —— 6-Methylmercapto-3,4-dimethyl-phenol 7379-50-2 C9H12OS
    6-Methylmercapto-3,4-dimethyl-phenol
    —— trachelanthamidine picrate 75238-21-0 C6H3N3O7*C8H15NO
    trachelanthamidine picrate
    —— 6-benzyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane 106419-37-8 C24H31NO7
    6-benzyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane
    —— 4-Adamantan-1-yl-2-isopropyl-1H-imidazole; compound with picric acid 33705-34-9 C6H3N3O7*C16H24N2
    4-Adamantan-1-yl-2-isopropyl-1H-imidazole; compound with picric acid
    —— 3-perfluoroocyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene 29392-04-9 C14H5F17O2
    3-perfluoroocyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene
    —— Tert-butyl 3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 1427753-61-4 C13H17ClO3
    Tert-butyl 3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 4-(2-(2-methoxyphenylhydrazono))-1-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1456804-36-6 C21H18N8O5S
    4-(2-(2-methoxyphenylhydrazono))-1-(6-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— O,O-Diethyl O-(2-{[hydroxy({[(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}oxy)methylidene]amino}ethyl) phosphorothioate 22941-85-1 C14H21N2O6PS
    O,O-Diethyl O-(2-{[hydroxy({[(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]amino}oxy)methylidene]amino}ethyl) phosphorothioate
    —— 133412-38-1 C13H15NO2
    —— 4-[4-amino-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1853-72-1 C15H12N4O4
    4-[4-amino-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 79714-39-9 C9H7NO4S
    5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-bromo-2-tert-butyl-6-{[4-(pent-4-enyloxy)phenylimino]methyl}phenol 1582787-94-7 C22H26BrNO2
    4-bromo-2-tert-butyl-6-{[4-(pent-4-enyloxy)phenylimino]methyl}phenol
    —— 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile 1015198-28-3 C12H11NOS2
    2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile
    —— 4-(4-Thiophen-2-ylbutoxy)phenol 238752-64-2 C14H16O2S
    4-(4-Thiophen-2-ylbutoxy)phenol
    —— 2,2'-disulfanediylbis(benzene-1,3-diol) 91570-42-2 C12H10O4S2
    2,2'-disulfanediylbis(benzene-1,3-diol)
    —— N<sub>1</sub>-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)vinyl-N<sub>1</sub>-methylhydrazine 123532-15-0 C11H14N2O2
    N<sub>1</sub>-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)vinyl-N<sub>1</sub>-methylhydrazine
    —— α-(cyclopropylmethylaminomethyl)-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1349753-14-5 C14H21NO4
    α-(cyclopropylmethylaminomethyl)-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
    —— 93142-94-0 C16H24N2O3
    —— 892406-97-2 C55H70N4O9Si
    —— Acetic acid (2R,3S,6R)-2-acetoxymethyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl ester 143169-62-4 C17H20O7
    Acetic acid (2R,3S,6R)-2-acetoxymethyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl ester
    —— 2-methylthiomethyl-3-nitrophenol 95202-29-2 C8H9NO3S
    2-methylthiomethyl-3-nitrophenol
    —— 6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexanoic acid 4-(4S,7R,8S,9S,13Z,16S)-[7-allyl-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-16-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yl)-2,6-dioxo-oxacyclohexadec-13-en-8-yloxycarbonyloxymethyl]-2-nitro-phenyl ester 658054-56-9 C54H71N3O13SSi
    6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexanoic acid 4-(4S,7R,8S,9S,13Z,16S)-[7-allyl-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-16-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yl)-2,6-dioxo-oxacyclohexadec-13-en-8-yloxycarbonyloxymethyl]-2-nitro-phenyl ester
    —— 4-methyl-2,6-bis(6-hydroxyhexyliminomethyl)phenol 1613233-69-4 C21H34N2O3
    4-methyl-2,6-bis(6-hydroxyhexyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-diallyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol 201353-03-9 C15H17NOS
    2,6-diallyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol
    —— 2.6-dinitro-3-oxy-diphenylamine 116557-10-9 C12H9N3O5
    2.6-dinitro-3-oxy-diphenylamine