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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— butylammonium salt of 2,4-dinitrophenol 42824-47-5 C4H11N*C6H4N2O5
    butylammonium salt of 2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)propane-1,2-diamine 13664-31-8 C19H22N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)propane-1,2-diamine
    —— 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-benzyl alcohol 98490-85-8 C8H9ClO2
    5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-benzyl alcohol
    —— 2,6-di(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-methoxyphenol 122134-88-7 C13H8F12O4
    2,6-di(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-6-methylphenol 3015-33-6 C10H8F6O2
    2-(2-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-6-methylphenol
    —— 3-(benzenesulfonylmethyl)-2,4-dinitrophenol 92241-27-5 C13H10N2O7S
    3-(benzenesulfonylmethyl)-2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— 2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,5-difluor-4'-methyl-5'-chlor-diphenylmethan 17245-91-9 C14H11ClF2O2
    2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,5-difluor-4'-methyl-5'-chlor-diphenylmethan
    —— N-(3-methoxysalicylidene)-phenylene-1,2-diamine 51800-82-9 C14H14N2O2
    N-(3-methoxysalicylidene)-phenylene-1,2-diamine
    —— 2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-4,6-dinitro-phenol 69084-04-4 C11H13N3O6
    2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-4,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(cyclopropyliminomethyl)phenol 1577254-47-7 C10H10ClNO
    4-chloro-2-(cyclopropyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl alcohol 118872-29-0 C8H8Br2O2
    3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzyl alcohol
    —— thallium(I) 2,4-dinitrophenoxide 32707-04-3 C6H3N2O5*Tl
    thallium(I) 2,4-dinitrophenoxide
    —— (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)but-2-enal 1403376-01-1 C11H12O3
    (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)but-2-enal
    —— [2-(5-((4-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) phenol] 133212-71-2 C15H11N3O2S
    [2-(5-((4-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) phenol]
    —— 4-[3-(Dibutylamino)-2-methylpropyl]-2-methoxyphenol 1415746-49-4 C19H33NO2
    4-[3-(Dibutylamino)-2-methylpropyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(1-(2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)phenol 1186014-28-7 C16H13ClN4OS
    2-(1-(2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)ethyl)phenol
    —— 6,6′-{(2-(1-morpholyl)ethylazanediyl)bis(methylene)}bis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol) 1268997-24-5 C28H38N2O5
    6,6′-{(2-(1-morpholyl)ethylazanediyl)bis(methylene)}bis(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol)
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[3-(2-sulfanylethylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol 623947-84-2 C12H18O2S2
    2-Methoxy-4-[3-(2-sulfanylethylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol
    —— 7,8,17,18-tetrahydrodibenzo[f,n][1,2,4,9,11,12] hexaazacyclohexadecine-8,17-dione 1119835-01-6 C18H14N6O2
    7,8,17,18-tetrahydrodibenzo[f,n][1,2,4,9,11,12] hexaazacyclohexadecine-8,17-dione
    —— 2,8,14,20-tetraisobutylpentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 118600-20-7 C44H56O8
    2,8,14,20-tetraisobutylpentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 4,4'-(((4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-bromo-6-methoxyphenol) 134668-02-3 C23H20Br2N2O4
    4,4'-(((4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-bromo-6-methoxyphenol)
    —— 3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylalkohol 14519-99-4 C8H9NO4
    3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylalkohol
    —— N,N’-bis{1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylidene}-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine 150922-01-3 C19H22N2O3
    N,N’-bis{1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylidene}-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediamine
    —— (R)-(-)-<6>-2,2-difluoro-4,4-(1,3-propanedithioacetyl)gingerol-t-butyldimethylsilylether 172546-95-1 C26H42F2O4S2Si
    (R)-(-)-<6>-2,2-difluoro-4,4-(1,3-propanedithioacetyl)gingerol-t-butyldimethylsilylether
    —— bis(vanillin)triethylenetetramine 930579-88-7 C22H30N4O4
    bis(vanillin)triethylenetetramine
    —— 2-(6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enyl)phenol 1401298-15-4 C16H22O
    2-(6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enyl)phenol
    —— (S)-(+)-<6>-2,2-difluorogingerol-t-butyldimethylsilylether 172546-96-2 C23H38F2O4Si
    (S)-(+)-<6>-2,2-difluorogingerol-t-butyldimethylsilylether
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 3-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((E)-propenyl)-phenyl]-propyl ester 875213-64-2 C18H26O4
    2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 3-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((E)-propenyl)-phenyl]-propyl ester
    —— [4-(4-{[1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethyl]-amino}-benzenesulfonyl)-phenylamino]-acetic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 114710-10-0 C32H32N6O8S
    [4-(4-{[1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethyl]-amino}-benzenesulfonyl)-phenylamino]-acetic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 2-(4-methoxyphenethoxy)tetrahydrofuran 1258157-37-7 C13H18O3
    2-(4-methoxyphenethoxy)tetrahydrofuran
    —— 6,6'-(((1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(2-bromo-4-methylphenol) 124983-68-2 C20H18Br2N4O2S
    6,6'-(((1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(2-bromo-4-methylphenol)
    —— 4-(1-hydroxy-2,2-diiodoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1374568-23-6 C9H10I2O3
    4-(1-hydroxy-2,2-diiodoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 6-dimethylaminomethyl-2-methoxy-4-allylphenol 1952-82-5 C13H19NO2
    6-dimethylaminomethyl-2-methoxy-4-allylphenol
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 133212-73-4 C15H9Br2N3O2S
    2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 1395502-05-2 C26H42O4
    —— cis-[PtBr2(Ph2CH2C6H3(OH)2)2] 161066-88-2 C38H34Br2O4P2Pt
    cis-[PtBr2(Ph2CH2C6H3(OH)2)2]
    —— [Zinc(II)(2-hydroxybenzyl-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine)Cl2] 760147-40-8 C13H14Cl2N2OZn
    [Zinc(II)(2-hydroxybenzyl-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine)Cl2]
    —— (2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-diethyl-sulfonium; chloride 28335-02-6 C11H17O2S*Cl
    (2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-diethyl-sulfonium; chloride
    —— 4-allyl-2-tert-butyl-6-methoxyphenol 33837-82-0 C14H20O2
    4-allyl-2-tert-butyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)but-2-enyl acetate 1209476-92-5 C13H16O4
    (E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)but-2-enyl acetate
    —— 4-{[(E)-3-Mercapto-5-(2,4,6-trichloro-phenoxymethyl)-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 523999-48-6 C17H13Cl3N4O3S
    4-{[(E)-3-Mercapto-5-(2,4,6-trichloro-phenoxymethyl)-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-difluoroboryl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dimethyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one 1362859-47-9 C12H11BF2N2O2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-difluoroboryl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2,3-dimethyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one
    —— 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-thiosemicarbazide 1494-02-6 C15H14FN3O2S
    4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-thiosemicarbazide
    —— Cu(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine) 84191-37-7 C16H14CuN2O4
    Cu(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine)
    —— 4-(3,3-dimethoxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1367759-96-3 C12H18O4
    4-(3,3-dimethoxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— [4-(4-{[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethyl]-amino}-benzenesulfonyl)-phenylamino]-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 114710-12-2 C32H32N6O8S
    [4-(4-{[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethyl]-amino}-benzenesulfonyl)-phenylamino]-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 1-<(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenyl>-3-(trimethylsilyl)propan-1-ol 81391-19-7 C13H22O3Si
    1-<(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenyl>-3-(trimethylsilyl)propan-1-ol
    —— 4-{[(E)-5-(2,4-Dichloro-phenoxymethyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 145666-24-6 C17H13Cl2N3O3S
    4-{[(E)-5-(2,4-Dichloro-phenoxymethyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 6,6'-(((1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(4-methyl-2-nitrophenol) 124983-67-1 C20H18N6O6S
    6,6'-(((1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(4-methyl-2-nitrophenol)
    —— 2-Bromo-4-{[(E)-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 188969-55-3 C16H12BrN3O3S
    2-Bromo-4-{[(E)-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol