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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(6-hydroxy-1-(piperidin-1-yl)hex-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 1418311-18-8 C17H23NO2
    2-(6-hydroxy-1-(piperidin-1-yl)hex-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— tert-butyl(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)(vinyl)phosphine oxide 1477517-27-3 C12H17O3P
    tert-butyl(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)(vinyl)phosphine oxide
    —— 2-[(3-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-chloro-3-fluorophenol 103743-26-6 C11H9ClFNO2
    2-[(3-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-chloro-3-fluorophenol
    —— N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine 1334545-34-4 C28H40N2O4
    N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,12-dodecanediamine
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-2-hydroxy-propylimino]-methyl}-phenol 4936-88-3 C10H11Br2NO2
    2,4-Dibromo-6-{[(E)-2-hydroxy-propylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-3'-methyl-4'-methoxydiphenylsulfone 141179-03-5 C15H16O4S
    4-hydroxy-3-methyl-3'-methyl-4'-methoxydiphenylsulfone
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[[methyl-(6-nitro-1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol 6057-72-3 C16H14N4O6S
    2-Methoxy-6-[[methyl-(6-nitro-1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— N-Decanoyl-N'-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin 19161-61-6 C17H25ClN2O2
    N-Decanoyl-N'-(5-chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazin
    —— 2-<(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylene>hydrazinecarboximidamide 111159-86-5 C10H14N4O
    2-<(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylene>hydrazinecarboximidamide
    —— 2-[4-[8-[3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-yl]octa-1,7-diynyl]-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl]phenol 906108-28-9 C28H26N4O2
    2-[4-[8-[3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-yl]octa-1,7-diynyl]-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-benzoldiazonium; Chlorid 17404-99-8 C6H5N2O*Cl
    3-Hydroxy-benzoldiazonium; Chlorid
    —— 3-Nitro-phenol; compound with piperazine 94752-46-2 C4H10N2*C6H5NO3
    3-Nitro-phenol; compound with piperazine
    —— N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propanamide 380227-66-7 C17H19NO5
    N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propanamide
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehy-4-o-tolyl-thiosemicarazon 18965-14-5 C20H25N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehy-4-o-tolyl-thiosemicarazon
    —— 2-p-Methylphenyl-3-hydroxy-6-phenylazo-pyridin 33176-00-0 C18H15N3O
    2-p-Methylphenyl-3-hydroxy-6-phenylazo-pyridin
    —— tris[2-(5-methylsalicylideneimino)ethyl]amine 138805-07-9 C30H36N4O3
    tris[2-(5-methylsalicylideneimino)ethyl]amine
    —— 1319735-37-9 C5H6N2*C6H3Cl2NO3
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)iminomethyl]-4,6-diiodophenol 5314-18-1 C13H8I2N2O4
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)iminomethyl]-4,6-diiodophenol
    —— Acetic acid (2R,3S,6R)-2-acetoxymethyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl ester 143169-61-3 C17H20O6
    Acetic acid (2R,3S,6R)-2-acetoxymethyl-6-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl ester
    —— (R)-3-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone 1187455-35-1 C13H16N2O3
    (R)-3-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone
    —— 3-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzene-thiol 757244-89-6 C11H16O2S
    3-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzene-thiol
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-3,5-dioxo-1,2-dimethyl-pyrazolidin 18239-31-1 C12H12N2O3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-benzyliden)-3,5-dioxo-1,2-dimethyl-pyrazolidin
    —— N'-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hexadecanohydrazide 765305-65-5 C23H37BrN2O2
    N'-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hexadecanohydrazide
    —— 2,6-Bis<(diethylamino)methyl>-4-butoxyphenol 123380-97-2 C20H36N2O2
    2,6-Bis<(diethylamino)methyl>-4-butoxyphenol
    —— N'-[1-(2,4-Dibromo-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 90845-10-6 C10H10Br2N2O3
    N'-[1-(2,4-Dibromo-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-chloro-3-pyridyl)iminomethyl]phenol 1281872-80-7 C12H7BrCl2N2O
    2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-chloro-3-pyridyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]ozadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-5-methoxy-phenol 851661-24-0 C18H14ClN7O3
    2-{[6-(3-chloro-phenylamino)-[1,2,5]ozadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl]-hydrazonomethyl}-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— di(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl-1'-methylamino-5)-2,2'-bipyridine 1140918-87-1 C24H20N6O6
    di(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl-1'-methylamino-5)-2,2'-bipyridine
    —— 4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<N.N-bis-(2-chlor-aethyl)-hydrazon 7606-00-0 C11H14Cl2N2O
    4-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<N.N-bis-(2-chlor-aethyl)-hydrazon
    —— 2,4-Dinitro-phenol; compound with azepane 86329-82-0 C6H4N2O5*C6H13N
    2,4-Dinitro-phenol; compound with azepane
    —— 2-[(3-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-chloro-5-methylphenol 103743-25-5 C12H12ClNO2
    2-[(3-Butynoxyimino)methyl]-4-chloro-5-methylphenol
    —— 5,5'-Dinitro-2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-tert.-butyl-biphenyl 32750-18-8 C20H24N2O6
    5,5'-Dinitro-2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-tert.-butyl-biphenyl
    —— 4-(2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-[3]furyl)-phenol 875227-73-9 C14H18O2
    4-(2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-[3]furyl)-phenol
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzamidrazone 117070-86-7 C7H8BrN3O
    5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzamidrazone
    —— (2'S,4'R,6'S)-2'-(2'-pyridin-3''-yl-ethyl)-6'-(4''''-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4'-yl acetate 1440430-70-5 C20H23NO4
    (2'S,4'R,6'S)-2'-(2'-pyridin-3''-yl-ethyl)-6'-(4''''-hydroxyphenyl)tetrahydropyran-4'-yl acetate
    —— 17463-72-8 C17H18N4O3
    —— Ethyl-sulfonylmercapto-essigsaeure-<o-hydroxy-benzylidenhydrazid> 17240-71-0 C11H14N2O4S2
    Ethyl-sulfonylmercapto-essigsaeure-<o-hydroxy-benzylidenhydrazid>
    —— 3-{4-[3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-2-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)cyclopent-1-enyl]-5-methylthiophen-2-yl}phenol 948836-28-0 C21H14F6OS2
    3-{4-[3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-2-(2-methylthiophen-3-yl)cyclopent-1-enyl]-5-methylthiophen-2-yl}phenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-pentafluorsulfanylphenol 852469-76-2 C6H3Br2F5OS
    2,6-dibromo-4-pentafluorsulfanylphenol
    —— 262614-37-9 C21H26N2O5
    —— 2-methoxy-5-((6-methoxyindolin-1-yl)methyl)phenol 1294010-73-3 C17H19NO3
    2-methoxy-5-((6-methoxyindolin-1-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(((2-(((5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol 130106-88-6 C14H16BrN3OS
    4-bromo-2-(((2-(((5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 130829-47-9 C168H150N12O24Zn3
    —— 4-<5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl>-buttersaeure-methylester 105401-98-7 C12H16O3
    4-<5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl>-buttersaeure-methylester
    —— 4-[1-(4-Hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 55525-44-5 C18H22O6
    4-[1-(4-Hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(1-isopropylthio-2-butenyl)-4-methylphenol 126476-79-7 C14H20OS
    2-(1-isopropylthio-2-butenyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— 3-((2-bromobenzylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1283597-29-4 C14H13BrN2O3
    3-((2-bromobenzylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— N,N-bis(α-methylsalicylidene)dipropylenetriamine 1132697-11-0 C22H29N3O2
    N,N-bis(α-methylsalicylidene)dipropylenetriamine
    —— N-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(5-methyl-3-nitropyrazol-1-yl)acetamide 1006507-80-7 C13H13N5O5
    N-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-(5-methyl-3-nitropyrazol-1-yl)acetamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde 84018-88-2 C14H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde