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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-hexyl-N-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-92-4 C24H33NO6
    N-hexyl-N-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(((4-(p-tolyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 89405-35-6 C18H16N2O2S
    2-methoxy-4-(((4-(p-tolyl)thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-[2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methylene]-2-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)azamethylene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1253208-69-3 C18H21N5O2S2
    (2Z,5Z)-5-[2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methylene]-2-[(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)azamethylene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline 107536-39-0 C13H18N2O3
    3-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline
    —— 2,2'-(1,4-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(N-(2-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)acetamide) 1256247-88-7 C36H30N4O6
    2,2'-(1,4-phenylenebis(oxy))bis(N-(2-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)acetamide)
    —— 1-(β-morpholinoethyl)-5-ethoxybenzotriazole picrate 94120-37-3 C6H3N3O7*C14H20N4O2
    1-(β-morpholinoethyl)-5-ethoxybenzotriazole picrate
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline 107536-41-4 C14H20N2O4
    3-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline
    —— (E)-2-(3-methoxyl-2-hydroxylstyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine 1000672-67-2 C16H18N2O2
    (E)-2-(3-methoxyl-2-hydroxylstyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine
    —— kukoamine B malate 1375179-78-4 C4H6O5*C28H42N4O6
    kukoamine B malate
    —— 2-[1-(methylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol 55975-54-7 C10H14N2O
    2-[1-(methylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thienyl-2-sulfonamide 1620108-61-3 C11H11NO3S2
    5-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thienyl-2-sulfonamide
    —— 3-(1-Propyl-octyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 32459-87-3 C17H28O2
    3-(1-Propyl-octyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-Nitro-phenol 34536-22-6 C6H5NO3
    4-Nitro-phenol
    —— ethyl 2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)acetate 1447731-49-8 C10H11NO3
    ethyl 2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)acetate
    —— 1,3-dimethylurea-picric acid 87448-61-1 C3H8N2O*C6H3N3O7
    1,3-dimethylurea-picric acid
    —— 1-hexyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate 1361182-38-8 C6H3N3O7*C9H15N3O2
    1-hexyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)succinodihydrazone 1062484-69-8 C20H20N6O8
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitromethylbenzylidene)succinodihydrazone
    —— [2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl][(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine 415897-91-5 C15H23NO4S
    [2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl][(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine
    —— N-Ethylplicatamid 52750-04-6 C22H27NO9
    N-Ethylplicatamid
    —— N,N-dibenzyl-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide 1602981-58-7 C21H17N3O6
    N,N-dibenzyl-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzamide
    —— methyl 2-(2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 1268822-65-6 C9H8F2O3
    methyl 2-(2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,4]oxathian-4-ium 46269-30-1 C10H13O3S
    4-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,4]oxathian-4-ium
    —— bis(1-methylimidazole-N(3))bis(salicylato-O,O')copper(II) 244205-32-1 C22H22CuN4O6
    bis(1-methylimidazole-N(3))bis(salicylato-O,O')copper(II)
    —— H2(hapnptn) 17813-02-4 C21H26N2O2
    H2(hapnptn)
    —— 1328974-18-0 C11H13N3O4
    —— 4-[3,4-dimethyl-1-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-ylmethyl]-phenol 41338-43-6 C19H27NO
    4-[3,4-dimethyl-1-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-ylmethyl]-phenol
    —— 6-{4-[N'-(3,4-Dihydroxy-2-nitro-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-phenyl}-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 360794-92-9 C18H17N5O5
    6-{4-[N'-(3,4-Dihydroxy-2-nitro-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-phenyl}-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 21503-59-3 C22H22NO2S*I
    —— 2-Methyl-5.6-bis(morpholinomethyl)hydrochinon 30483-06-8 C17H26N2O4
    2-Methyl-5.6-bis(morpholinomethyl)hydrochinon
    —— ethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-propylthiazole-4-carboxylate 1450604-05-3 C16H19NO4S
    ethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-propylthiazole-4-carboxylate
    —— 4-((pyrimidin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol 123395-34-6 C11H9N3O
    4-((pyrimidin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 3,3'-(1E,1'E)-ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol 113940-19-5 C16H16N2O2
    3,3'-(1E,1'E)-ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol
    —— Allyl-furan-2-ylmethyl-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-amine; compound with picric acid 95124-52-0 C6H3N3O7*C15H17NO2
    Allyl-furan-2-ylmethyl-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-amine; compound with picric acid
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexane-2,5-dione 1073529-13-1 C13H16O4
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexane-2,5-dione
    —— 1-butyl-2-methylimidazolium picrate 40229-82-1 C6H3N3O7*C8H14N2
    1-butyl-2-methylimidazolium picrate
    —— 213465-34-0 C42H38O12Zn
    —— 2,6-Dibromophenol-3,4,5-d3 1219803-14-1 C6H4Br2O
    2,6-Dibromophenol-3,4,5-d3
    —— 5-bromosalicylaldehyde-2-hydrazinoethanol 86547-05-9 C9H11BrN2O2
    5-bromosalicylaldehyde-2-hydrazinoethanol
    —— 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)-5-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-propynyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-2-benzofuranone 1392277-93-8 C23H30O4Si2
    5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)-5-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-propynyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-2-benzofuranone
    —— amino(2-(propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl)methaniminium picrate 90973-61-8 C4H10N4*C6H3N3O7
    amino(2-(propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl)methaniminium picrate
    —— 4-{[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-methyl}-benzene-1,3-diol 64343-68-6 C22H13Cl3N2O2S
    4-{[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-methyl}-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— S-pentafluorophenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanethioate 1179525-29-1 C15H9F5O3S
    S-pentafluorophenyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanethioate
    —— 1391919-51-9 C13H16O2
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(3'methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldoxime 135522-29-1 C12H15NO2
    2-hydroxy-3-(3'methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldoxime
    —— bis-(3-chloro-salicylidene)-ethylenediamine 10319-02-5 C16H14Cl2N2O2
    bis-(3-chloro-salicylidene)-ethylenediamine
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-(5-{[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol 91872-91-2 C15H9Br2N3O2
    2,4-Dibromo-6-(5-{[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— dimethyl ((decyl((dimethoxyphosphoryl)methyl)amino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonate 1185728-64-6 C22H41NO7P2
    dimethyl ((decyl((dimethoxyphosphoryl)methyl)amino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonate
    —— (o-hydroxyphenyl)-bis(camphorpyrazol-1-yl)methane 1122664-31-6 C29H36N4O
    (o-hydroxyphenyl)-bis(camphorpyrazol-1-yl)methane
    —— 1255326-93-2 C20H36O4Si
    —— 7-(p-tolylazo)-2-(p-methoxyphenylmethylene)-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-pyrido[3,2-f]-[1,4]thiazepine-3,5-dione 1393809-63-6 C24H20N4O4S
    7-(p-tolylazo)-2-(p-methoxyphenylmethylene)-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-pyrido[3,2-f]-[1,4]thiazepine-3,5-dione