摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[4-[3-[4-[3,5-Bis[4-[3,5-bis[4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)butoxy]phenoxy]butoxy]phenoxy]butoxy]-5-[4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)butoxy]phenoxy]butoxy]benzene-1,3-diol 1300115-37-0 C96H114O30
    5-[4-[3-[4-[3,5-Bis[4-[3,5-bis[4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)butoxy]phenoxy]butoxy]phenoxy]butoxy]-5-[4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)butoxy]phenoxy]butoxy]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-methoxy-3-octadecyloxyphenol 182579-54-0 C25H44O3
    2-methoxy-3-octadecyloxyphenol
    —— 4-Nitrosalicoylmethylamide 2937-86-2 C8H8N2O4
    4-Nitrosalicoylmethylamide
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyloctyl)-phenol 17473-36-8 C17H26N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyloctyl)-phenol
    —— methyl (Z)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(propoxyimino)butanoate 1394013-83-2 C14H19NO4
    methyl (Z)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(propoxyimino)butanoate
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol 20099-04-1 C13H9Br2NO2
    2,4-dibromo-6-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2,2-Dichloro-1-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2]diazepin-1-yl]-ethanone 119837-43-3 C13H14Cl2N2O2
    2,2-Dichloro-1-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,2]diazepin-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-5,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-benzocyclononen-6-one 126538-54-3 C13H16O3
    4,5-Dihydroxy-5,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-benzocyclononen-6-one
    —— 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanenitrile 1015198-30-7 C13H13NOS2
    2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanenitrile
    —— 3-hydroxy-9,10-seco-17βH-pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,20-dione 114330-31-3 C21H28O3
    3-hydroxy-9,10-seco-17βH-pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,20-dione
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl diethylcarbamate 1445899-05-7 C12H17NO3
    2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl diethylcarbamate
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile 79250-18-3 C13H11N3O4
    4-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazol-3-yl pivalate 1030828-98-8 C14H15NO4
    5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazol-3-yl pivalate
    —— 2-cycloctyl-4-methoxyphenol 1173929-17-3 C15H22O2
    2-cycloctyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-((methylimino)methyl)phenol 66396-01-8 C9H11NO2
    2-methoxy-5-((methylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-phenyl-selenosemicarbazon> 110179-24-3 C14H13N3OSe
    3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-phenyl-selenosemicarbazon>
    —— 4-Chloro-2-dimethylphosphoryl-6-nitrophenol 512191-02-5 C8H9ClNO4P
    4-Chloro-2-dimethylphosphoryl-6-nitrophenol
    —— 4,4'-diallyl-6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2'-piperazine-1,4-diyldimethyl-bis-phenol 21728-44-9 C26H34N2O4
    4,4'-diallyl-6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2'-piperazine-1,4-diyldimethyl-bis-phenol
    —— octamethyl ((((2,4,6,8-tetraheptyl-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octahydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-15,35,55,75-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis((2,2-dimethoxyethyl)azanediyl))tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(phosphonate) 1439386-13-6 C88H152N4O28P4
    octamethyl ((((2,4,6,8-tetraheptyl-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octahydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-15,35,55,75-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis((2,2-dimethoxyethyl)azanediyl))tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(phosphonate)
    —— 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-thiocyanatophenol 81732-21-0 C9H9NO3S
    2,5-Dimethoxy-4-thiocyanatophenol
    —— ethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-oxoacetate 1380745-73-2 C12H14O4
    ethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-oxoacetate
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 52886-48-3 C11H12O3
    5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— N,N''-<dithiobis(3,1-propanediyl)>bis<N'-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl>-1,8-octanediamine tetrahydrobromide 80686-08-4 4BrH*C36H62N4O4S2
    N,N''-<dithiobis(3,1-propanediyl)>bis<N'-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl>-1,8-octanediamine tetrahydrobromide
    —— 2-bromo-4-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-methyl)phenol 1276113-33-7 C13H21BrO2Si
    2-bromo-4-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-methyl)phenol
    —— 6-(2,5-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,2-dimethylchromene-5,8-dione 557757-30-9 C18H14O6
    6-(2,5-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,2-dimethylchromene-5,8-dione
    —— 4-{[(E)-4,6-Bis-phenylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 120624-37-5 C23H20N6O2
    4-{[(E)-4,6-Bis-phenylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(dodecyl-14-crown-4)phenol 98506-67-3 C29H50O5
    4-(dodecyl-14-crown-4)phenol
    —— 6-benzyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane 106419-38-9 C24H31NO7
    6-benzyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane
    —— 4-Methoxy-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)phenol 117896-16-9 C13H13NO2
    4-Methoxy-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethoxy-hydroquinone 98545-82-5 C8H8Br2O4
    2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethoxy-hydroquinone
    —— 4-Chloro-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-o-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol 112932-67-9 C15H13ClN2O3
    4-Chloro-2-nitro-6-{1-[(Z)-o-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— 2-{[(2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol 344864-13-7 C17H21NO3
    2-{[(2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-methyl}-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-(furan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 1333472-71-1 C12H12O4
    4-(furan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— di(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl-1'-methylimino-5)-2,2'-bipyridine 1140918-86-0 C24H16N6O6
    di(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrophenyl-1'-methylimino-5)-2,2'-bipyridine
    —— 51084-61-8 C11H10Br2ClN3O3S
    —— 2,3,4,6-Tetrafluoro-5-pentafluorophenylamino-phenol 72793-88-5 C12H2F9NO
    2,3,4,6-Tetrafluoro-5-pentafluorophenylamino-phenol
    —— 4,4-bis(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1263203-43-5 C25H24N2O8
    4,4-bis(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2-((S)-1-Allyl-pentyl)-5-iodo-benzene-1,3-diol 277297-35-5 C14H19IO2
    2-((S)-1-Allyl-pentyl)-5-iodo-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-{4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy]-phenyl}-acetamide 219701-56-1 C18H19N3O5
    N-{4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy]-phenyl}-acetamide
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-4-(thiophen-3-yl)benzene 365548-67-0 C10H8O2S
    1,3-dihydroxy-4-(thiophen-3-yl)benzene
    —— 5-(allyloxy)-3-methyl-2-sulfanylphenol 473255-54-8 C10H12O2S
    5-(allyloxy)-3-methyl-2-sulfanylphenol
    —— 5-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-4,5-dihydro-furan-2-on 14335-79-6 C11H12O4
    5-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-4,5-dihydro-furan-2-on
    —— 1582744-45-3 BF4*C25H20NO4
    —— bis(4-hydroxybenzylaldehyde) 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine 1448893-91-1 C20H15N3O4
    bis(4-hydroxybenzylaldehyde) 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-undecyl-phenol 148173-54-0 C18H30O2
    2-Methoxy-6-undecyl-phenol
    —— [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid methyl ester propyl ester 38707-10-7 C11H16BrO5P
    [(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phosphonic acid methyl ester propyl ester
    —— 5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-methylethylhydrazin 90872-20-1 C10H13N3O3
    5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-benzal-methylethylhydrazin
    —— anti-5,11,19,25-tetra-tert-butyl-8,14-dihydroxy-22,28-dimethyl<2.0.2.0>metacyclophane 169213-53-0 C46H60O2
    anti-5,11,19,25-tetra-tert-butyl-8,14-dihydroxy-22,28-dimethyl<2.0.2.0>metacyclophane
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1575728-02-7 C22H18N4O4
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2-acetyl-10,11-dihydroxy-6-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)-12,12-(2',2'-dimethylpropane-1',3'-diyldioxy)-3(S*),4(R*),4a(S*),5,5a(S*),6(S*),11(R*),11a(R*),12,12a(S*)-decahydronaphthacene 86668-55-5 C34H50O8Si
    2-acetyl-10,11-dihydroxy-6-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)-12,12-(2',2'-dimethylpropane-1',3'-diyldioxy)-3(S*),4(R*),4a(S*),5,5a(S*),6(S*),11(R*),11a(R*),12,12a(S*)-decahydronaphthacene