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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)phenol 570432-60-9 C10H8N2O
    2-(pyrazin-2-yl)phenol
    —— 1322575-05-2 C15H13BrN2O
    —— 2-(1-nitroso-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol 1262757-94-7 C13H11N3O2S
    2-(1-nitroso-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 3-bromo-5-chloro-2,4,6-triiodo-phenol 855836-56-5 C6HBrClI3O
    3-bromo-5-chloro-2,4,6-triiodo-phenol
    —— 8H-Purin-8-one, 1,2,3,6,7,9-hexahydro-3,9-dimethyl-6-(methylimino)-,compd. with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1:1) 106145-27-1 C6H3N3O7*C8H13N5O
    8H-Purin-8-one, 1,2,3,6,7,9-hexahydro-3,9-dimethyl-6-(methylimino)-,compd. with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1:1)
    —— (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(2-phenylacetyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224683-96-8 C20H19ClN2O3
    (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(2-phenylacetyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 2,4-bis(hex-1'-ynyl)-1,5-dihydroxybenzene 925900-75-0 C18H22O2
    2,4-bis(hex-1'-ynyl)-1,5-dihydroxybenzene
    —— 4-[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-6-methylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-benzene-1,3-diol 7304-04-3 C16H13ClN4O2
    4-[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-6-methylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-[N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-[N'-(2-pyridylmethyl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)aminomethyl]phenol 1256602-99-9 C34H34N6O4
    2-[N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-[N'-(2-pyridylmethyl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)aminomethyl]phenol
    —— 3,6-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-1-(α-hydroxy-aethyl)-benzol 3541-20-6 C10H14O3
    3,6-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-1-(α-hydroxy-aethyl)-benzol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenylthiourea 61022-64-8 C14H12N2OS
    1-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenylthiourea
    —— 4-(3-(azetidin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)phenol hydrochloride 1349874-67-4 C13H13N3O*ClH
    4-(3-(azetidin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)phenol hydrochloride
    —— 1415663-17-0 C12H11NO5
    —— 4-[Bis-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 42178-56-3 C17H16N4O2
    4-[Bis-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden-)amino-2-methyl-3-ethyl-thiomorpholin-1,1-dioxid 75161-35-2 C14H20N2O3S
    4-(2-Hydroxy-benzyliden-)amino-2-methyl-3-ethyl-thiomorpholin-1,1-dioxid
    —— 4-N,N-Diethylaminodithiosalicylsaeure 31314-89-3 C11H15NOS2
    4-N,N-Diethylaminodithiosalicylsaeure
    —— 2-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1007853-31-7 C8H9ClO3
    2-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-[4-((3aR,9bR)-cis-9-Methoxy-1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexahydro-[1]-benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)butyl]-8-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrazino[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 208993-42-4 C30H29N5O5S
    3-[4-((3aR,9bR)-cis-9-Methoxy-1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexahydro-[1]-benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)butyl]-8-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-pyrazino[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-(2-chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-phenol 117266-53-2 C8H6Br2ClNO3
    2,4-Dibromo-6-(2-chloro-2-nitro-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-(5-nitrosoamino-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol 75821-08-8 C8H4Br2N4O3
    2,4-dibromo-6-(5-nitrosoamino-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— acetic acid-(4-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-methyl-3,5-dinitro-anilide) 861593-23-9 C9H9N3O6
    acetic acid-(4-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-methyl-3,5-dinitro-anilide)
    —— potassium β-{[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}propionate 881690-74-0 C10H10NO3*K
    potassium β-{[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}propionate
    —— (S)-3-Benzyloxy-5-((1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-1-methyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one 106471-08-3 C16H20O6
    (S)-3-Benzyloxy-5-((1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-1-methyl-butyl)-4-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one
    —— 2,6-bis(aminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol dihydrochloride 103940-20-1 C8H11N3O3*2ClH
    2,6-bis(aminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol dihydrochloride
    —— N,5-Bis(o-hydroxybenzyliden)-3-aminorhodanin 1438-26-2 C17H12N2O3S2
    N,5-Bis(o-hydroxybenzyliden)-3-aminorhodanin
    —— 4,6-bis[1-(4-methylphenylimino)-ethyl]resorcinol 1224432-67-0 C24H24N2O2
    4,6-bis[1-(4-methylphenylimino)-ethyl]resorcinol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(2,4-difluorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191246-30-6 C16H9Br2F2N3O2
    2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(2,4-difluorobenzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 92374-67-9 C14H20N2O3
    —— (S)-2-chloro-4-(4-methyl-(E)-2-nitrohept-1-enyl)phenol 1035695-06-7 C14H18ClNO3
    (S)-2-chloro-4-(4-methyl-(E)-2-nitrohept-1-enyl)phenol
    —— methyl 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-oxocycloheptane-carboxylate 1397495-73-6 C16H20O5
    methyl 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-oxocycloheptane-carboxylate
    —— 4-Octyl-6-nitroso-resorcin 1892-46-2 C14H21NO3
    4-Octyl-6-nitroso-resorcin
    —— (Z)-3-Amino-4,4,4-trichloro-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-but-2-en-1-one 288087-82-1 C11H10Cl3NO3
    (Z)-3-Amino-4,4,4-trichloro-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-but-2-en-1-one
    —— Benzyl-[4,4,6-trimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-(2Z)-ylidene]-amine; compound with picric acid 77817-65-3 C6H3N3O7*C14H19N3
    Benzyl-[4,4,6-trimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-(2Z)-ylidene]-amine; compound with picric acid
    —— Butane-1-sulfonic acid 5-(2-tert-butylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzylamide; compound with acetic acid 23527-53-9 C2H4O2*C17H30N2O4S
    Butane-1-sulfonic acid 5-(2-tert-butylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzylamide; compound with acetic acid
    —— 2-[3-methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-phenyl]-ethanol 1092166-84-1 C13H20O5
    2-[3-methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-phenyl]-ethanol
    —— 4-(anilino-hydroxy-methyl)-pyrogallol, hydrochloride 100393-92-8 C13H13NO4*ClH
    4-(anilino-hydroxy-methyl)-pyrogallol, hydrochloride
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2-(5-methoxypent-4-enyl)phenol 1448774-99-9 C14H20O4
    3,5-dimethoxy-2-(5-methoxypent-4-enyl)phenol
    —— (E)-ethyl 7-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-heptenoate 144180-76-7 C17H24O3
    (E)-ethyl 7-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-heptenoate
    —— N-4-methoxy-salicylidene-benzylamine 112628-94-1 C15H15NO2
    N-4-methoxy-salicylidene-benzylamine
    —— 4-[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-ylamino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1443123-30-5 C17H23NO3
    4-[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-ylamino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-ethanone oxime 111249-32-2 C8H7N3O6
    1-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-ethanone oxime
    —— 5-[(3-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 644996-36-1 C10H7N3O4S
    5-[(3-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (1R,2S)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamino)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid p-tolylamide 71556-30-4 C22H28N2O3
    (1R,2S)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamino)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid p-tolylamide
    —— diethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)methylmalonate 76510-82-2 C14H18O5
    diethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)methylmalonate
    —— 6-ethoxy-3-amino-2,4-dinitro-phenol 858013-81-7 C8H9N3O6
    6-ethoxy-3-amino-2,4-dinitro-phenol
    —— N-(3-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)urea 326920-72-3 C15H18N4O3
    N-(3-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)urea
    —— (S,E)-N-(3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyldeca-3,9-dien-1-yl)-5-methoxyphenyl)non-8-enamide 1325235-75-3 C27H41NO3
    (S,E)-N-(3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyldeca-3,9-dien-1-yl)-5-methoxyphenyl)non-8-enamide
    —— 1,4-bis(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene 1345019-84-2 C24H22N4O4
    1,4-bis(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene
    —— 2-[4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl]-1-[6-methylpyridin-2-yl]-ethanone 815581-99-8 C14H12N2O4
    2-[4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl]-1-[6-methylpyridin-2-yl]-ethanone
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(3S)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-84-7 C18H20FN3O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[(3S)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one