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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1443525-02-7 C13H18BrN3OS
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-octan-1-one oxime 143286-60-6 C15H23NO3
    1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-octan-1-one oxime
    —— 2-allyl-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol 163429-72-9 C13H15NOS
    2-allyl-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol
    —— N',N'''-((2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(methaneylylidene))di(hexanehydrazide) 154387-97-0 C21H32N4O3
    N',N'''-((2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(methaneylylidene))di(hexanehydrazide)
    —— 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-diisopropyloxybenzene 111808-91-4 C12H18O4
    1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-diisopropyloxybenzene
    —— 1-[4,6-di-O-tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl]-4-hydroxybenzene 651035-36-8 C24H42O4Si2
    1-[4,6-di-O-tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl]-4-hydroxybenzene
    —— (S)-(-)-β-vanillyl-γ-lactone 111266-02-5 C12H14O4
    (S)-(-)-β-vanillyl-γ-lactone
    —— Iodomethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 1350837-16-9 C9H9IO3
    Iodomethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 903571-67-5 C16H16O2
    —— 2-(((6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-5-methoxyphenol 960591-54-2 C13H11FN2O2
    2-(((6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— N,N'-bis(5-nitro-salicylidene)hydrazine 72878-63-8 C14H10N4O6
    N,N'-bis(5-nitro-salicylidene)hydrazine
    —— 6,6'-((cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2,4-dinitrophenol) 198835-50-6 C20H18N6O10
    6,6'-((cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2,4-dinitrophenol)
    —— 5-([4-[2-(3-Methoxy-4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 218138-96-6 C20H21NO7S2
    5-([4-[2-(3-Methoxy-4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Methyl-2-(7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1,4]diazepin-5-yl)-phenol 99698-71-2 C18H18N2O
    4-Methyl-2-(7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1,4]diazepin-5-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-[(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-(4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 64343-67-5 C22H14Cl2N2O2S
    4-[(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-(4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,3-dichloro-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalene-1,4-diol 105253-70-1 C12H14Cl2O2
    2,3-dichloro-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalene-1,4-diol
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-methylthiourea 1400799-57-6 C9H12N2O2S
    1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-methylthiourea
    —— 8-(Diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-4-hydroxybenzo<1,2-d:4,5-d'>bis<1,2,3>thiadiazol 135774-42-4 C10H11N4O5PS2
    8-(Diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-4-hydroxybenzo<1,2-d:4,5-d'>bis<1,2,3>thiadiazol
    —— 1,3-bis[4′-hydroxy-3′,5′-dimethylbenzyl]imidazolidine 943967-50-8 C21H28N2O2
    1,3-bis[4′-hydroxy-3′,5′-dimethylbenzyl]imidazolidine
    —— N-(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrobenzyl)-carbamic acid-2-bromoethane ester 110952-52-8 C10H11BrN2O5
    N-(2'-hydroxy-5'-nitrobenzyl)-carbamic acid-2-bromoethane ester
    —— diethyl (3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphonate 1612759-57-5 C11H17O6P
    diethyl (3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)phosphonate
    —— 35,55-dimethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3),9(1,4)-pentabenzenacyclodecaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol 193905-95-2 C37H34O4
    35,55-dimethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3),9(1,4)-pentabenzenacyclodecaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol
    —— 4-[(E)-4-methyl-2-nitrohept-1-enyl]phenol 1035694-90-6 C14H19NO3
    4-[(E)-4-methyl-2-nitrohept-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 3-{4-[(6-cyclohexyl-5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenyl}propanoic acid 1253211-00-5 C24H31NO3
    3-{4-[(6-cyclohexyl-5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenyl}propanoic acid
    —— 1193988-15-6 C22H32N2O5
    —— 4-(2-Pentenyl)-m-cresol 23562-69-8 C12H16O
    4-(2-Pentenyl)-m-cresol
    —— 36024-78-9 C15H12N2O
    —— bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde)terephthalohydrazone 548446-65-7 C24H22N4O6
    bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde)terephthalohydrazone
    —— 2-< (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-hydrazinocarbonylmethylmercapto >-benzthiazol 24044-92-6 C17H15N3O3S2
    2-< (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-hydrazinocarbonylmethylmercapto >-benzthiazol
    —— 3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethyl]-phenol 6994-08-7 C18H23NO2
    3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— Acetic acid 4-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenyl]-2-methyl-butyl ester 35738-18-2 C15H22O4
    Acetic acid 4-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenyl]-2-methyl-butyl ester
    —— 1338246-60-8 C21H23NO4
    —— 3-selenophen-2-yl-5-thiophen-2-ylphenol 98124-38-0 C14H10OSSe
    3-selenophen-2-yl-5-thiophen-2-ylphenol
    —— 4-(3-((2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(propyl)amino)propyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1612146-60-7 C20H29N3O2S
    4-(3-((2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(propyl)amino)propyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyacetophenone oxime 23997-97-9 C9H11NO3
    (E)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyacetophenone oxime
    —— N,N'-bis(1-hydroxy-2-benzyliden) 2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropylsulfide 944797-40-4 C19H22N2O2S
    N,N'-bis(1-hydroxy-2-benzyliden) 2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropylsulfide
    —— 5-[(4R,5R)-5-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-3-methyl-4-prop-2-enoxyphenol 944941-67-7 C17H25NO5
    5-[(4R,5R)-5-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-3-methyl-4-prop-2-enoxyphenol
    —— 1-(tetraphenylstiboxy)-3-oxybenzene toluene adduct 511270-36-3 C7H8*C30H25O2Sb
    1-(tetraphenylstiboxy)-3-oxybenzene toluene adduct
    —— 2-methoxymethyloxy-4,5,6-trimethoxyphenol 136165-95-2 C11H16O6
    2-methoxymethyloxy-4,5,6-trimethoxyphenol
    —— per-hydroxylated pillar[7]arene 1375870-10-2 C49H42O14
    per-hydroxylated pillar[7]arene
    —— 3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide 1350321-20-8 C35H30N2O6
    3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 2-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline; picrate 93010-02-7 C6H3N3O7*C10H12N2
    2-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline; picrate
    —— (3-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid 860517-82-4 C6H6AsNO6
    (3-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-arsonic acid
    —— 7,8-dihydroxy-1,5-epoxy-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin oxalate 117573-16-7 C2H2O4*C10H11NO3
    7,8-dihydroxy-1,5-epoxy-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin oxalate
    —— Diazo-acetic acid 3-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propyl ester 185254-99-3 C19H20N2O4
    Diazo-acetic acid 3-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propyl ester
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(3-cyclohexylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol 1105707-21-8 C16H23ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(3-cyclohexylaminopropylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 1273068-12-4 C8H8N2O4
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetraiodo-hydroquinone 104175-35-1 C6H2I4O2
    2,3,5,6-tetraiodo-hydroquinone
    —— Salicylamide HClO4 salt 121981-27-9 C7H7NO2*ClHO4
    Salicylamide HClO4 salt
    —— propan-2-yl N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate 1184746-79-9 C11H15NO3
    propan-2-yl N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate