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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [PdI(C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-2,6-(OH)-4)] 945033-37-4 C12H19IN2OPd
    [PdI(C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-2,6-(OH)-4)]
    —— 7-(3-chloro-5-cyano-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)heptyl pivalate 1374767-06-2 C20H28ClNO4
    7-(3-chloro-5-cyano-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)heptyl pivalate
    —— (Z)-ethyl 8-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-octenoate 144180-96-1 C18H26O3
    (Z)-ethyl 8-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-octenoate
    —— 2-(2-((2R)-2-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethylthio)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid 597575-61-6 C19H23N3O5S2
    2-(2-((2R)-2-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethylthio)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-[(1E)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-[(1E)-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)ethenyl]-1H-pyrazole 1402727-88-1 C22H18BrN3O2
    3-[(1E)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-[(1E)-2-(1H-indol-6-yl)ethenyl]-1H-pyrazole
    —— 2-[(2-dimethylamino-ethylamino)-methyl]-4-nitro-phenol 1388789-71-6 C11H15N3O3
    2-[(2-dimethylamino-ethylamino)-methyl]-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-methoxymethyl-hydroquinone 100874-39-3 C14H22O6
    2,3,5,6-tetrakis-methoxymethyl-hydroquinone
    —— 2-{[(Z)-(3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-2,2,5-Trimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 39798-30-6 C15H19NO4
    2-{[(Z)-(3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-2,2,5-Trimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 3,5-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide 63720-39-8 BrH*C7H9NO2
    3,5-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide
    —— 5,6-Dihydro-4H-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 120279-12-1 C14H15NO3S3
    5,6-Dihydro-4H-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide
    —— (2R,4R)-4-acetoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)decanenitrile 403996-36-1 C18H25NO3
    (2R,4R)-4-acetoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)decanenitrile
    —— 1202270-35-6 C16H13N5O
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline 1262326-39-5 C15H13ClN2O2
    3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline
    —— N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)nicotinamide 1334920-07-8 C16H13N3O3S
    N-(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)nicotinamide
    —— methyl 5-hydroxy-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate 147067-58-1 C18H30O5Si
    methyl 5-hydroxy-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate
    —— 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol 1244781-73-4 C14H18BrClN2O
    2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 6-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-oxindol 27065-61-8 C9H9NO3
    6-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-oxindol
    —— 3,4-(m,m'-Dioxy)-diphenyl-thiophen 97555-79-8 C16H12O2S
    3,4-(m,m'-Dioxy)-diphenyl-thiophen
    —— 6-Amino-5-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-eth-(E)-ylideneamino]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 97481-55-5 C14H15N5O5
    6-Amino-5-[1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-eth-(E)-ylideneamino]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1-<bis-(2-carboxy-ethylmercapto)-methyl>-benzol 2217-92-7 C13H16O5S2
    2-Hydroxy-1-<bis-(2-carboxy-ethylmercapto)-methyl>-benzol
    —— 3-Nitro-5-bromo-salivcylhydrazid 58131-61-6 C7H6BrN3O4
    3-Nitro-5-bromo-salivcylhydrazid
    —— (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester 67275-20-1 C10H12ClNO3
    (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester
    —— 131225-77-9 C168H186O24S6
    —— 3-Brom-salicylaldehyd-benzylimin 92159-82-5 C14H12BrNO
    3-Brom-salicylaldehyd-benzylimin
    —— N-cyclohexyl-5-(2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzylamino)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide 1224941-42-7 C24H27N7O
    N-cyclohexyl-5-(2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzylamino)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide
    —— Methyl-tris-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-phosphonium-jodid 99019-22-4 C19H18O3P*I
    Methyl-tris-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-phosphonium-jodid
    —— 2-Cyclohexylaminomethyl-4-benzyloxy-phenol 96001-26-2 C20H25NO2
    2-Cyclohexylaminomethyl-4-benzyloxy-phenol
    —— 2-allyl-4-ethoxy-6-methylphenol 1579996-26-1 C12H16O2
    2-allyl-4-ethoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— 9-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-(2-thienyl)-4,9-dihydrotetrazolo[1',5':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazin-5(6H)-one 947122-35-2 C17H13N7O3S
    9-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-(2-thienyl)-4,9-dihydrotetrazolo[1',5':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazin-5(6H)-one
    —— (S)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide 1187993-07-2 C11H15NO2S
    (S)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-2-one hydrazone 60912-83-6 C9H10N4O2S
    5-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-2-one hydrazone
    —— phosphoric acid diethyl ester 4-(2-{4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-ethyl)-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-ylmethyl ester 847672-55-3 C26H35FNO7P
    phosphoric acid diethyl ester 4-(2-{4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-ethyl)-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-ylmethyl ester
    —— (E)-1,4-di(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butene 1239600-57-7 C16H16O2
    (E)-1,4-di(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butene
    —— 4,5,10,11,16,17,22,23-Octamethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 130147-84-1 C36H40O4
    4,5,10,11,16,17,22,23-Octamethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— 4-methyl-2-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 22877-07-2 C16H16N2O
    4-methyl-2-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 6-Hydroxy-azulene-1,3-dicarbothioic acid bis-dimethylamide 127868-99-9 C16H18N2OS2
    6-Hydroxy-azulene-1,3-dicarbothioic acid bis-dimethylamide
    —— 1-p-hydroxyphenyl-2-(β-pivalamidoethyl)aminoethanol 56442-91-2 C15H24N2O3
    1-p-hydroxyphenyl-2-(β-pivalamidoethyl)aminoethanol
    —— 2-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetimidic acid ethyl ester; hydrochloride 141805-73-4 C10H12ClNO2*ClH
    2-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetimidic acid ethyl ester; hydrochloride
    —— bis(5-bromosalicylaldehyde)semicarbazone 1214247-37-6 C15H11Br2N3O3
    bis(5-bromosalicylaldehyde)semicarbazone
    —— 4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbaldehyde oxime 1290138-80-5 C16H15FN4O3
    4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carbaldehyde oxime
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-2-nitro-benzyl)-pyridin 13150-62-4 C12H10N2O3
    2-(4-Hydroxy-2-nitro-benzyl)-pyridin
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-tetradecoxyphenol 140466-76-8 C23H40O2
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-tetradecoxyphenol
    —— 2,4-bis-(ethoxythiocarbonylmercapto-methyl)-6-methyl-phenol 109598-47-2 C15H20O3S4
    2,4-bis-(ethoxythiocarbonylmercapto-methyl)-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 3,4-dimethoxy-2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)phenol 359844-17-0 C12H16O3
    3,4-dimethoxy-2-methyl-6-(2-propenyl)phenol
    —— 1426447-09-7 C18H26BrNO5
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-(2-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide 380376-86-3 C10H12N2O4
    N<sup>1</sup>-(2-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl-phenyl-sulfid 63223-46-1 C14H14O2S
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl-phenyl-sulfid
    —— 5-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide 302918-12-3 C16H13ClN4O3S
    5-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide
    —— <4-<sup>3</sup>H>-2,6-Dimethyl-phenol 91929-41-8 C8H10O
    <4-<sup>3</sup>H>-2,6-Dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[1-(2-methyl-indol-3-yl)-2-nitro-propyl]-phenol 97078-12-1 C19H20N2O4
    2-methoxy-4-[1-(2-methyl-indol-3-yl)-2-nitro-propyl]-phenol