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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (Z)-diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(pyrazinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate 407583-18-0 C18H24N3O5P
    (Z)-diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(pyrazinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate
    —— 4-nitro-2-[(E)-piperidin-1-yliminomethyl]phenol 91643-76-4 C12H15N3O3
    4-nitro-2-[(E)-piperidin-1-yliminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-chloro-6-nitrophenol 314739-25-8 C8H5Cl4NO4
    2-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-chloro-6-nitrophenol
    —— methyl 2-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 628330-77-8 C9H9FO3
    methyl 2-(3-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— p-hydroxybenzenediazonium bromide 63469-08-9 Br*C6H5N2O
    p-hydroxybenzenediazonium bromide
    —— 2-[(E)-(2-((1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propyl)-2-methylhydrazono)methyl]-4-nitrophenol 1024026-72-9 C17H19N3O4
    2-[(E)-(2-((1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propyl)-2-methylhydrazono)methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2,2'-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2'-ethanediyldiamino-di-acetonitrile 98691-12-4 C18H18N4O2
    2,2'-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2'-ethanediyldiamino-di-acetonitrile
    —— p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 150990-01-5 C44H56O4
    p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene
    —— 1,3-Didodecyl-2,4,5-trihydroxybenzol 56134-38-4 C30H54O3
    1,3-Didodecyl-2,4,5-trihydroxybenzol
    —— 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohex-2-enone 349483-00-7 C15H19NO2
    4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohex-2-enone
    —— 4-Bromo-6-({[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 89985-56-8 C15H14BrNO2
    4-Bromo-6-({[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 89537-65-5 C34H34N2O4
    —— 2-[(4-Chloro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamide 54825-12-6 C8H8ClN3O2
    2-[(4-Chloro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]hydrazine-1-carboxamide
    —— 8-Methoxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazeppin 20435-72-7 C18H18N2O3
    8-Methoxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazeppin
    —— N-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide 94324-72-8 C16H14N2O5
    N-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N-(2-oxoethyl)benzamide
    —— [1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethanesulfonyl]-acetic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 15015-23-3 C18H18N4O6S
    [1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethanesulfonyl]-acetic acid [1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 2-Methyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hexadien-(2,4) 92863-91-7 C14H18O2
    2-Methyl-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hexadien-(2,4)
    —— 2-(((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol 78662-44-9 C12H10N2OS
    2-(((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol
    —— N,N'-Disalicyliden-paromose-dibenzyl-dithioacetal 105341-62-6 C34H36N2O5S2
    N,N'-Disalicyliden-paromose-dibenzyl-dithioacetal
    —— 2,4,6-tribromo-3-(2-bromoethyl)phenol 293756-89-5 C8H6Br4O
    2,4,6-tribromo-3-(2-bromoethyl)phenol
    —— 128686-74-8 C24H16Br2CuN4O4
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)phenol 57280-74-7 C9H12O4
    5-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)phenol
    —— 3,5-dihydroxy-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)benzohydrazide 1227267-33-5 C14H11N3O6
    3,5-dihydroxy-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— Salicylaldehyde, 4-tetrazol-5-semicarbizone 5326-11-4 C9H9N7O2
    Salicylaldehyde, 4-tetrazol-5-semicarbizone
    —— 2-(8-drimen-11-yl)-4,5-dibenzyloxyphenol 257288-32-7 C35H42O3
    2-(8-drimen-11-yl)-4,5-dibenzyloxyphenol
    —— 2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-nitrophenol 1337153-81-7 C8H10N2O3
    2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)dihydrofuren-2(3H)-one 91143-06-5 C11H12O3
    3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)dihydrofuren-2(3H)-one
    —— 1206903-14-1 C11H11N3O3
    —— 1,5-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene 194787-69-4 C13H20O5
    1,5-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene
    —— 2-[2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]-4-methylphenol 1204659-00-6 C17H18N2O2
    2-[2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-{4-[2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl-ONN-azoxy)-phenylazo]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl}-benzenesulfonic acid 15212-12-1 C23H20N6O6S
    4-{4-[2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl-ONN-azoxy)-phenylazo]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl}-benzenesulfonic acid
    —— 4-(2'-Aminoethyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-indol-pikrat 49635-06-5 C6H3N3O7*C12H16N2O2
    4-(2'-Aminoethyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-indol-pikrat
    —— 116467-72-2 C7H8O
    —— 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-p-tolyl thiosemicarbazone) 189126-16-7 C25H26N6OS2
    2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-p-tolyl thiosemicarbazone)
    —— 2-Methyl-4-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-phenol 27332-91-8 C13H14N2O
    2-Methyl-4-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-phenol
    —— 1381771-50-1 C20H29NO2
    —— 4-(4,6-dipropyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol 5270-05-3 C15H19N3O2
    4-(4,6-dipropyl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-yl)-propenone 31428-68-9 C13H11N3O5
    1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-yl)-propenone
    —— 2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-iodphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol 31822-07-8 C8H5IN2O2
    2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-iodphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol
    —— 1-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-diaza-6-methylnona-1,6-diene-8-one 137029-39-1 C15H20N2O2
    1-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-diaza-6-methylnona-1,6-diene-8-one
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(4-phenyl-1-pyrrolidino-butyl)-phenol 112376-35-9 C21H27NO2
    2-Methoxy-4-(4-phenyl-1-pyrrolidino-butyl)-phenol
    —— 1-amino-2,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethane hydrochloride 1211322-46-1 C16H19NO4*ClH
    1-amino-2,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethane hydrochloride
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-fluorobenzyl) oxime 1377291-39-8 C14H11BrFNO2
    5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-(2-fluorobenzyl) oxime
    —— N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,11-undecanediamine 1334545-37-7 C27H38N2O4
    N,N'-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)-1,11-undecanediamine
    —— 1-((R)-(3-bromophenyl)((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)amino)methyl)-5-((S)-(3-bromophenyl)((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)amino)methyl)naphthalene-2,6-diol 1380601-87-5 C32H26Br2N4O4
    1-((R)-(3-bromophenyl)((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)amino)methyl)-5-((S)-(3-bromophenyl)((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)amino)methyl)naphthalene-2,6-diol
    —— N-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide 247098-20-0 C13H16N2O4
    N-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide
    —— 6-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-propyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 1143509-19-6 C20H21FO2
    6-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-propyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-isoxazolecarboxylate 627906-57-4 C13H13NO4
    ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-isoxazolecarboxylate
    —— 2,6-bis{N-2-(2'-pyridylethyl)formimidoyl}-1,4-dihydroxybenzene 128495-24-9 C22H22N4O2
    2,6-bis{N-2-(2'-pyridylethyl)formimidoyl}-1,4-dihydroxybenzene
    —— 1390619-73-4 C16H17NO2